Injection molded screening apparatuses and methods

ABSTRACT

A disclosed screening apparatus includes a subgrid, and a screen element attached to the subgrid via laser welding at a plurality of attachment positions such that, under vibrational excitation, the screen element has a pre-determined profile of vibrational motion relative to the subgrid. The screen element may be attached at a maximal number of attachment locations to the subgrid to minimize relative motion of the screen element and the subgrid under vibrational excitation, or the screen element may be attached a sub-set of the maximal number of attachment locations to allow vibrational motion of the screen element relative to the subgrid. A disclosed method may include attaching a plurality of screen elements to a respective plurality of subgrids, attaching the plurality of subgrids to one another to form a screening pre-assembly, and cutting edges of the screening pre-assembly to form the screen assembly having a perimeter with a pre-determined shape.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/389,070, filed Jul. 29, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/837,716, filed Apr. 1, 2020, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/269,656, filed Feb. 7, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,843,230, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/965,195, filed on Apr. 27, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,576,502, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/648,771, filed Mar. 27, 2018, and is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/851,099, filed Dec. 21, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,259,013, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/201,865, filed Jul. 5, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,884,344, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/268,101, filed May 2, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,409,209, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/800,826, filed Mar. 13, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,046,363, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial Nos. 61/652,039 filed May 25, 2012, and 61/714,882 filed Oct. 17, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to material screening. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to screening members, screening assemblies, methods for fabricating screening members and assemblies and methods for screening materials.

BACKGROUND

Material screening includes the use of vibratory screening machines. Vibratory screening machines provide the capability to excite an installed screen such that materials placed upon the screen may be separated to a desired level. Oversized materials are separated from undersized materials. Over time, screens wear and require replacement. As such, screens are designed to be replaceable.

Replacement screen assemblies must be securely fastened to a vibratory screening machine and are subjected to large vibratory forces. Replacement screens may be attached to a vibratory screening machine by tensioning members, compression members or clamping members.

Replacement screen assemblies are typically made of metal or a thermoset polymer. The material and configuration of the replacement screens are specific to a screening application. For example, due to their relative durability and capacity for fine screening, metal screens are frequently used for wet applications in the oil and gas industry. Traditional thermoset polymer type screens (e.g., molded polyurethane screens), however, are not as durable and would likely not withstand the rough conditions of such wet applications and are frequently utilized in dry applications, such as applications in the mining industry.

Fabricating thermoset polymer type screens is relatively complicated, time consuming and prone to errors. Typical thermoset type polymer screens that are used with vibratory screening machines are fabricated by combining separate liquids (e.g., polyester, polyether and a curative) that chemically react and then allowing the mixture to cure over a period of time in a mold. When fabricating screens with fine openings, e.g., approximately 43 microns to approximately 100 microns, this process can be extremely difficult and time consuming. Indeed, to create fine openings in a screen, the channels in the molds that the liquid travels through have to be very small (e.g., on the order of 43 microns) and all too often the liquid does not reach all the cavities in the mold. As a result, complicated procedures are often implemented that require close attention to pressures and temperatures. Since a relatively large single screen (e.g., two feet by three feet or larger) is made in a mold, one flaw (e.g., a hole, i.e., a place where the liquid did not reach) will ruin the entire screen. Thermoset polymer screens are typically fabricated by molding an entire screen assembly structure as one large screening piece and the screen assembly may have openings ranging from approximately 43 microns to approximately 4000 microns in size. The screening surface of conventional thermoset polymer screens normally has a uniform flat configuration.

Thermoset polymer screens are relatively flexible and are often secured to a vibratory screening machine using tensioning members that pull the side edges of the thermoset polymer screen away from each other and secure a bottom surface of the thermoset polymer screen against a surface of a vibratory screening machine. To prevent deformation when being tensioned, thermoset polymer assemblies may be molded with aramid fibers that run in the tensioning direction (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,809). If a compression force were applied to the side edges of the typical thermoset polymer screens it would buckle or crimp, thereby rendering the screening surface relatively ineffective.

In contrast to thermoset polymer screens, metal screens are rigid and may be compressed or tensioned onto a vibratory screening machine. Metal screen assemblies are often fabricated from multiple metal components. The manufacture of metal screen assemblies typically includes: fabricating a screening material, often three layers of a woven wire mesh; fabricating an apertured metal backing plate; and bonding the screening material to apertured metal backing plate. The layers of wire cloth may be finely woven with openings in the range of approximately 30 microns to approximately 4000 microns. The entire screening surface of conventional metal assemblies is normally a relatively uniform flat configuration or a relatively uniform corrugated configuration.

Critical to screening performance of screen assemblies (thermoset polymer assemblies and metal type assemblies) for vibratory screening machines are the size of the openings in the screening surface, structural stability and durability of the screening surface, structural stability of the entire unit, chemical properties of the components of the unit and ability of the unit to perform in various temperatures and environments. Drawbacks to conventional metal assemblies include lack of structural stability and durability of the screening surface formed by the woven wire mesh layers, blinding (plugging of screening openings by particles) of the screening surface, weight of the overall structure, time and cost associated with the fabrication or purchase of each of the component members, and assembly time and costs. Because wire cloth is often outsourced by screen manufacturers, and is frequently purchased from weavers or wholesalers, quality control can be extremely difficult and there are frequently problems with wire cloth. Flawed wire cloth may result in screen performance problems and constant monitoring and testing is required.

One of the biggest problems with conventional metal assemblies is blinding. A new metal screen may initially have a relatively large open screening area but over time, as the screen is exposed to particles, screening openings plug (i.e., blind) and the open screening area, and effectiveness of the screen itself, is reduced relatively quickly. For example, a 140 mesh screen assembly (having three layers of screen cloth) may have an initial open screening area of 20-24%. As the screen is used, however, the open screening area may be reduced by 50% or more.

Conventional metal screen assemblies also lose large amounts of open screening area because of their construction, which includes adhesives, backing plates, plastic sheets bonding layers of wire cloth together, etc.

Another major problem with conventional metal assemblies is screen life. Conventional metal assemblies don't typically fail because they get worn down but instead fail due to fatigue. That is, the wires of the woven wire cloth often actually break due to the up and down motion they are subject to during vibratory loading.

Drawbacks to conventional thermoset polymer screens also include lack of structural stability and durability. Additional drawbacks include inability to withstand compression type loading and inability to withstand high temperatures (e.g., typically a thermoset polymer type screen will begin to fail or experience performance problems at temperatures above 130° F., especially screens with fine openings, e.g., approximately 43 microns to approximately 100 microns). Further, as discussed above, fabrication is complicated, time consuming and prone to errors. Also, the molds used to fabricate thermoset polymer screens are expensive and any flaw or the slightest damage thereto will ruin the entire mold and require replacement, which may result in costly downtime in the manufacturing process.

Another drawback to both conventional metal and thermoset polymer screens is the limitation of screen surface configurations that are available. Existing screening surfaces are fabricated with relatively uniform opening sizes throughout and a relatively uniform surface configuration throughout, whether the screening surface is flat or undulating.

The conventional polymer type screens referenced in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/652,039 (also referred to therein as traditional polymer screens, existing polymer screens, typical polymer screens or simply polymer screens) refer to the conventional thermoset polymer screens described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/714,882 and the conventional thermoset polymer screens described herein (also referred to herein and in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/714,882 as traditional thermoset polymer screens, existing thermoset polymer screens, typical thermoset polymer screens or simply thermoset screens). Accordingly, the conventional polymer type screens referenced in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/652,039 are the same conventional thermoset polymer screens referenced herein, and in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/714,882, and may be fabricated with extremely small screening openings (as described herein and in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/714,882) but have all the drawbacks (as described herein and in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/714,882) regarding conventional thermoset polymer screens, including lack of structural stability and durability, inability to withstand compression type loading, inability to withstand high temperatures and complicated, time consuming, error prone fabrication methods.

There is a need for versatile and improved screening members, screening assemblies, methods for fabricating screening members and assemblies and methods for screening materials for vibratory screening machines that incorporate the use of injection molded materials (e.g., thermoplastics) having improved mechanical and chemical properties.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure is an improvement over existing screen assemblies and methods for screening and fabricating screen assemblies and parts thereof. The present invention provides extremely versatile and improved screening members, screening assemblies, methods for fabricating screening members and assemblies and methods for screening materials for vibratory screening machines that incorporate the use of injection molded materials having improved properties, including mechanical and chemical properties. In certain embodiments of the present invention a thermoplastic is used as the injection molded material. The present invention is not limited to thermoplastic injection molded materials and in embodiments of the present invention other materials may be used that have similar mechanical and/or chemical properties. In embodiments of the present invention, multiple injection molded screen elements are securely attached to subgrid structures. The subgrids are fastened together to form the screen assembly structure, which has a screening surface including multiple screen elements. Use of injection molded screen elements with the various embodiments described herein provide, inter alia, for: varying screening surface configurations; fast and relatively simple screen assembly fabrication; and a combination of outstanding screen assembly mechanical, chemical and electrical properties, including toughness, wear and chemical resistance.

Embodiments of the present invention include screen assemblies that are configured to have relatively large open screening areas while having structurally stable small screening openings for fine vibratory screening applications. In embodiments of the present invention, the screening openings are very small (e.g., as small as approximately 43 microns) and the screen elements are large enough (e.g., one inch by one inch, one inch by two inches, two inches by three inches, etc.) to make it practical to assemble a complete screen assembly screening surface (e.g., two feet by three feet, three feet by four feet, etc.). Fabricating small screening openings for fine screening applications requires injection molding very small structural members that actually form the screening openings. These structural members are injection molded to be formed integrally with the screen element structure. Importantly, the structural members are small enough (e.g., in certain applications they may be on the order of approximately 43 microns in screening surface width) to provide an effective overall open screening area and form part of the entire screen element structure that is large enough (e.g., two inches by three inches) to make it practical to assemble a relatively large complete screening surface (e.g., two feet by three feet) therefrom.

In one embodiment of the present invention a thermoplastic material is injection molded to form screen elements. Previously thermoplastics have not been used with the fabrication of vibratory screens with fine size openings (e.g., approximately 43 microns to approximately 1000 microns) because it would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to thermoplastic injection mold a single relatively large vibratory screening structure having fine openings and obtain the open screening area necessary for competitive performance in vibratory screening applications.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a screen assembly is provided that: is structurally stable and can be subjected to various loading conditions, including compression, tensioning and clamping; can withstand large vibrational forces; includes multiple injection molded screen elements that, due to their relatively small size, can be fabricated with extremely small opening sizes (having dimensions as small as approximately 43 microns); eliminates the need for wire cloth; is lightweight; is recyclable; is simple and easy to assemble; can be fabricated in multiple different configurations, including having various screen opening sizes throughout the screen and having various screening surface configurations, e.g., various combinations of flat and undulating sections; and can be fabricated with application-specific materials and nanomaterials. Still further, each screen assembly may be customized to a specific application and can be simply and easily fabricated with various opening sizes and configurations depending on the specifications provided by an end user. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications, including wet and dry applications and may be applied across various industries. The present invention is not limited to the oil and gas industry and the mining industry. Disclosed embodiments may also be utilized in any industry that requires separation of materials using vibratory screenings machines, including pulp and paper, chemical, pharmaceuticals and others.

In an example embodiment of the present invention, a screen assembly is provided that substantially improves screening of materials using a thermoplastic injection molded screen element. Multiple thermoplastic polymer injection molded screen elements are securely attached to subgrid structures. The subgrids are fastened together to form the screen assembly structure, which has a screening surface including multiple screen elements. Each screen element and each subgrid may have different shapes and configurations. Thermoplastic injection molding individual screen elements allows for precise fabrication of screening openings, which may have dimensions as small as approximately 43 microns. The grid framework may be substantially rigid and may provide durability against damage or deformation under the substantial vibratory load burdens it is subjected to when secured to a vibratory screening machine. Moreover, the subgrids, when assembled to form the complete screen assembly, are strong enough not only to withstand the vibratory loading, but also the forces required to secure the screen assembly to the vibratory screening machine, including large compression loads, tension loads and/or clamping loads. Still further, the openings in the subgrids structurally support the screen elements and transfer vibrations from the vibratory screening machine to the elements forming the screening openings thereby optimizing screening performance. The screen elements, subgrids and/or any other component of the screen assembly may include nanomaterials and/or glass fibers that, in addition to other benefits, provide durability and strength.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a screen assembly is provided having a screen element including a screen element screening surface with a series of screening openings and a subgrid including multiple elongated structural members forming a grid framework having grid openings. The screen element spans at least one of the grid openings and is attached to a top surface of the subgrid. Multiple independent subgrids are secured together to form the screen assembly and the screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface having multiple screen element screening surfaces. The screen element includes substantially parallel end portions and substantially parallel side edge portions substantially perpendicular to the end portions. The screen element further includes a first screen element support member and a second screen element support member orthogonal to the first screen element support member. The first screen element support member extends between the end portions and is approximately parallel to the side edge portions. The second screen element support member extends between the side edge portions and is approximately parallel to the end portions. The screen element includes a first series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the side edge portions and a second series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the end portions. The screen element screening surface includes screen surface elements forming the screening openings. The end portions, side edge portions, first and second support members and first and second series of reinforcement members structurally stabilize screen surface elements and screening openings. The screen element is formed as a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

The screening openings may be rectangular, square, circular, and oval or any other shape. The screen surface elements may run parallel to the end portions and form the screening openings. The screen surface elements may also run perpendicular to the end portions and form the screen openings. Different combinations of rectangular, square, circular and oval screening openings (or other shapes) may be incorporated together and depending on the shape utilized may run parallel and/or perpendicular to the end portions.

The screen surface elements may run parallel to the end portions and may be elongated members forming the screening openings. The screening openings may be elongated slots having a distance of approximately 43 microns to approximately 4000 microns between inner surfaces of adjacent screen surface elements. In certain embodiments, the screen openings may have a distance of approximately 70 microns to approximately 180 microns between inner surfaces of adjacent screen surface elements. In other embodiments, the screening openings may have a distance of approximately 43 microns to approximately 106 microns between inner surfaces of adjacent screen surface elements. In embodiments of the present invention, the screening openings may have a width and a length, the width may be about 0.043 mm to about 4 mm and the length may be about 0.086 mm to about 43 mm. In certain embodiments, the width to length ratio may be approximately 1:2 to approximately 1:1000.

Multiple subgrids of varying sizes may be combined to form a screen assembly support structure for screen elements. Alternatively, a single subgrid may be thermoplastic injection molded, or otherwise constructed, to form the entire screen assembly support structure for multiple individual screen elements.

In embodiments that use multiple subgrids, a first subgrid may include a first base member having a first fastener that is configured to mate with a second fastener of a second base member of a second subgrid, the first and second fasteners securing the first and second subgrids together. The first fastener may be a clip and the second fastener may be a clip aperture, wherein the clip snaps into the clip aperture and securely attaches the first and second subgrids together.

The first and second screen element support members and the screen element end portions may include a screen element attachment arrangement configured to mate with a subgrid attachment arrangement. The subgrid attachment arrangement may include elongated attachment members and the screen element attachment arrangement may include attachment apertures that mate with the elongated attachment members securely attaching the screen element to the subgrid. A portion of the elongated attachment members may be configured to extend through the screen element attachment apertures and slightly above the screen element screening surface. The attachment apertures may include a tapered bore or may simply include an aperture without any tapering. The portion of the elongated attachment members above the screening element screening surface may be melted and may fill the tapered bore, fastening the screen element to the subgrid. Alternatively, the portion of the elongated attachment members that extends through and above the aperture in screening element screening surface may be melted such that it forms a bead on the screening element screening surface and fastens the screen element to the subgrid.

The elongated structural members may include substantially parallel subgrid end members and substantially parallel subgrid side members substantially perpendicular to the subgrid end members. The elongated structural members may further include a first subgrid support member and a second subgrid support member orthogonal to the first subgrid support member. The first subgrid support member may extend between the subgrid end members and may be approximately parallel to the subgrid side members. The second subgrid support member may extend between the subgrid side members and may be approximately parallel to the subgrid end members, and substantially perpendicular to the subgrid edge members.

The grid framework may include a first and a second grid framework forming a first and a second grid opening. The screen elements may include a first and a second screen element. The subgrid may have a ridge portion and a base portion. The first and second grid frameworks may include first and second angular surfaces that peak at the ridge portion and extend downwardly from the peak portion to the base portion. The first and second screen elements may span the first and second angular surfaces, respectively.

According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a screen assembly is provided having a screen element including a screen element screening surface with a series of screening openings and a subgrid including multiple elongated structural members forming a grid framework having grid openings. The screen element spans at least one grid opening and is secured to a top surface of the subgrid. Multiple subgrids are secured together to form the screen assembly and the screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface comprised of multiple screen element screening surfaces. The screen element is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

The screen element may include substantially parallel end portions and substantially parallel side edge portions substantially perpendicular to the end portions. The screen element may further include a first screen element support member and a second screen element support member orthogonal to the first screen element support member. The first screen element support member may extend between the end portions and may be approximately parallel to the side edge portions. The second screen element support member may extend between the side edge portions and may be approximately parallel to the end portions. The screen element may include a first series of reinforcement members that are substantially parallel to the side edge portions and a second series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the end portions. The screen element may include elongated screen surface elements running parallel to the end portions and forming the screening openings. The end portions, side edge portions, first and second support members, first and second series of reinforcement members may structurally stabilize the screen surface elements and the screening openings.

The first and second series of reinforcement members may have a thickness less than a thickness of the end portions, side edge portions and the first and second screen element support members. The end portions and the side edge portions and the first and second screen element support members may form four rectangular areas. The first series of reinforcement members and the second series of reinforcement members may form multiple rectangular support grids within each of the four rectangular areas. The screening openings may have a width of approximately 43 microns to approximately 4000 microns between inner surfaces of each of the screen surface elements. In certain embodiments, the screening openings may have a width of approximately 70 microns to approximately 180 microns between inner surfaces of each of the screen surface elements. In other embodiments, the screening openings may have a width of approximately 43 microns to approximately 106 microns between inner surfaces of each of the screen surface elements. In embodiments of the present invention, the screening openings may have a width of about 0.043 mm to about 4 mm and length of about 0.086 mm to about 43 mm. In certain embodiments, the width to length ratio may be approximately 1:2 to approximately 1:1000.

The screen elements may be flexible.

The subgrid end members, the subgrid side members and the first and second subgrid support members may form eight rectangular grid openings. A first screen element may span four of the grid openings and a second screen element may span the other four openings.

A central portion of the screening element screening surface may slightly flex when subject to a load. The subgrid may be substantially rigid. The subgrid may also be a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. At least one of the subgrid end members and the subgrid side members may include fasteners configured to mate with fasteners of other subgrids, which fasteners may be clips and clip apertures that snap into place and securely attach the subgrids together.

The subgrid may include: substantially parallel triangular end pieces, triangular middle pieces substantially parallel to the triangular end pieces, a first and second mid support substantially perpendicular to the triangular end pieces and extending between the triangular end pieces, a first and second base support substantially perpendicular to the triangular end pieces and extending the between the triangular end pieces and a central ridge substantially perpendicular to the triangular end pieces and extending the between the triangular end pieces. A first edge of the triangular end pieces, the triangular middle pieces, and the first mid support, the first base support and the central ridge may form a first top surface of the subgrid having a first series of grid openings. A second edge of the triangular end pieces, the triangular middle pieces, and the second mid support, the second base support and the central ridge may form a second top surface of the subgrid having a second series of grid openings. The first top surface may slope down from the central ridge to the first base support and the second top surface may slope down from the central ridge to the second base support. A first and a second screen element may span the first series and second series of grid openings, respectively. The first edges of the triangular end pieces, the triangular middle pieces, the first mid support, the first base support and the central ridge may include a first subgrid attachment arrangement configured to securely mate with a first screen element attachment arrangement of the first screen element. The second edges of the triangular end pieces, the triangular middle pieces, the second mid support, the second base support and the central ridge may include a second subgrid attachment arrangement configured to securely mate with a second screen element attachment arrangement of the second screen element. The first and second subgrid attachment arrangements may include elongated attachment members and the first and second screen element attachment arrangements may include attachment apertures that mate with the elongated attachment members thereby securely attaching the first and second screen elements to the first and second subgrids, respectively. A portion of the elongated attachment members may extend through the screen element attachment apertures and slightly above a first and second screen element screening surface.

The first and second screen elements each may include substantially parallel end portions and substantially parallel side edge portions substantially perpendicular to the end portions. The first and second screen elements may each include a first screen element support member and a second screen element support member orthogonal to the first screen element support member, the first screen element support member extending between the end portions and being approximately parallel to the side edge portions, the second screen element support member extending between the side edge portions and may be approximately parallel to the end portions. The first and second screen elements may each include a first series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the side edge portions and a second series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the end portions. The first and second screen elements may each include elongated screen surface elements running parallel to the end portions and forming the screening openings. The end portions, side edge portions, first and second support members, first and second series of reinforcement members may structurally stabilize screen surface elements and screening openings.

One of the first and second base supports may include fasteners that secure the multiple subgrids together, which fasteners may be clips and clip apertures that snap into place and securely attach subgrids together.

The screen assembly may include a first, a second, a third and a fourth screen element. The first series of grid openings may be eight openings formed by the first edge of the triangular end pieces, the triangular middle pieces, and the first mid support, the first base support and the central ridge. The second series of grid openings may be eight openings formed by the second edge of the triangular end pieces, the triangular middle pieces, the second mid support, the second base support and the central ridge. The first screen element may span four of the grid openings of the first series of grid openings and the second screen element may span the other four openings of the first series of grid openings. The third screen element may span four of the grid openings of the second series of grid openings and the fourth screen element may span the other four openings of the second series of grid openings. A central portion of the first, second, third and fourth screening element screening surfaces may slightly flex when subject to a load. The subgrid may be substantially rigid and may be a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a screen assembly is providing having a screen element including a screen element screening surface with screening openings and a subgrid including a grid framework with grid openings. The screen element spans the grid openings and is attached to a surface of the subgrid. Multiple subgrids are secured together to form the screen assembly and the screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface that includes multiple screen element screening surfaces. The screen element is a thermoplastic injection molded piece.

The screen assembly may also include a first thermoplastic injection molded screen element and a second thermoplastic injection molded screen element, and the grid framework may include a first and second grid framework forming a first grid opening and a second grid opening. The subgrid may include a ridge portion and a base portion, the first and second grid frameworks including first and second angular surfaces that peak at the ridge portion and extend downwardly from the peak portion to the base portion. The first and second screen elements may span the first and second angular surfaces, respectively. The first and second angular surfaces may include a subgrid attachment arrangement configured to securely mate with a screen element attachment arrangement. The subgrid attachment arrangement may include elongated attachment members and the screen element attachment arrangement may include apertures that mate with the elongated attachment members thereby securely attaching the screen elements to the subgrid.

The subgrid may be substantially rigid and may be a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. A section of the base portion may include a first and a second fastener that secure the subgrid to a third and a fourth fastener of another subgrid. The first and third fasteners may be clips and the second and fourth fasteners may be clip apertures. The clips may snap into clip apertures and securely attach the subgrid and then another subgrid together.

The subgrids may form a concave structure and the continuous screen assembly screening surface may be concave. The subgrids may form a flat structure and the continuous screen assembly screening surface may be flat. The subgrids may form a convex structure and the continuous screen assembly screening surface may be convex.

The screen assembly may be configured to form a predetermined concave shape when subjected to a compression force by a compression assembly of a vibratory screening machine against at least one side member of the vibratory screen assembly when placed in the vibratory screening machine. The predetermined concave shape may be determined in accordance with a shape of a surface of the vibratory screening machine. The screen assembly may have a mating surface mating the screen assembly to a surface of the vibratory screening machine, which mating surface may be rubber, metal (e.g., steel, aluminum, etc.), a composite material, a plastic material or any other suitable material. The screen assembly may include a mating surface configured to interface with a mating surface of a vibratory screening machine such that the screen assembly is guided into a fixed position on the vibratory screening machine. The mating surface may be formed in a portion of at least one subgrid. The screen assembly mating surface may be a notch formed in a corner of the screen assembly or a notch formed approximately in the middle of a side edge of the screen assembly. The screen assembly may have an arched surface configured to mate with a concave surface of the vibratory screening machine. The screen assembly may have a substantially rigid structure that does not substantially deflect when secured to the vibratory screening machine. The screen assembly may include a screen assembly mating surface configured such that it forms a predetermined concave shape when subjected to a compression force by a member of a vibratory screening machine. The screen assembly mating surface may be shaped such that it interfaces with a mating surface of the vibratory screening machine such that the screen assembly may be guided into a predetermined location on the vibratory screening machine. The screen assembly may include a load bar attached to an edge surface of the subgrid of the screen assembly. The load bar may be configured to distribute a load across a surface of the screen assembly. The screen assembly may be configured to form a predetermined concave shape when subjected to a compression force by a compression member of a vibratory screening machine against the load bar of the vibratory screen assembly. The screen assembly may have a concave shape and may be configured to deflect and form a predetermined concave shape when subjected to a compression force by a member of a vibratory screening machine.

A first set of the subgrids may be formed into center support frame assemblies having a first fastener arrangement. A second set of the subgrids may be formed into a first end support frame assembly having a second fastener arrangement. A third set of the subgrids may be formed into a second end support frame assembly having a third fastener arrangement. The first, second, and third fastener arrangements may secure the first and second end support frames to the center support assemblies. A side edge surface of the first end support frame assembly may form a first end of the screen assembly. A side edge surface of the second end support frame arrangement may form a second end of the screen assembly. An end surface of each of the first and second end support frame assemblies and center support frame assemblies may cumulatively form a first and a second side surface of the complete screen assembly. The first and second side surfaces of the screen assembly may be substantially parallel and the first and second end surfaces of the screen assembly may be substantially parallel and substantially perpendicular to the side surfaces of the screen assembly. The side surfaces of the screen assembly may include fasteners configured to engage at least one of a binder bar and a load distribution bar. The subgrids may include side surfaces such that when individual subgrids are secured together to form the first and second end support frame assemblies and the center support frame assembly that the first and second end support frame assemblies and the center support frame assembly each form a concave shape. The subgrids may include side surfaces shaped such that when individual subgrids are secured together to form the first and second end support frame assemblies and the center support frame assembly that the first and second end support frame assemblies and the center support frame assembly each form a convex shape.

The screen elements may be affixed to the subgrids by at least one of a mechanical arrangement, an adhesive, heat staking and ultrasonic welding.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a screen element is provided having: a screen element screening surface with screen surface elements forming a series of screening openings; a pair of substantially parallel end portions; a pair of substantially parallel side edge portions substantially perpendicular to the end portions; a first screen element support member; a second screen element support member orthogonal to the first screen element support member, the first screen element support member extending between the end portions and being approximately parallel to the side edge portions, the second screen element support member extending between the side edge portions and being approximately parallel to the end portions and substantially perpendicular to the side edge portions; a first series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the side edge portions; and a second series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the end portions. The screen surface elements run parallel to the end portions. The end portions, side edge portions, first and second support members, first and second series of reinforcement members structurally stabilize screen surface elements and screening openings, and the screen element is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a screen element is provided having a screen element screening surface with screen surface elements forming a series of screening openings; a pair of substantially parallel end portions; and a pair of substantially parallel side edge portions substantially perpendicular to the end portions. The screen element is a thermoplastic injection molded piece.

The screen element may also have a first screen element support member; a second screen element support member orthogonal to the first screen element support member, the first screen element support member extending between the end portions and being approximately parallel to the side edge portions, the second screen element support member extending between the side edge portions and being approximately parallel to the end portions; a first series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the side edge portions; and a second series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the end portions. The screen surface elements may run parallel to the end portions. In certain embodiments, the screen surface elements may also be configured to run perpendicular to the end portions. The end portions, side edge portions, first and second support members, first and second series of reinforcement members may structurally stabilize screen surface elements and screening openings.

The screen element may also have a screen element attachment arrangement molded integrally with the screen element and configured to mate with a subgrid attachment arrangement. Multiple subgrids may form a screen assembly and the screen assembly may have a continuous screen assembly screening surface that includes multiple screen element screening surfaces.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for fabricating a screen assembly for screening materials is provided that includes: determining screen assembly performance specifications for the screen assembly; determining a screening opening requirement for a screen element based on the screen assembly performance specifications, the screen element including a screen element screening surface having screening openings; determining a screen configuration based on the screen assembly performance specifications, the screen configuration including having the screen elements arranged in at least one of flat configuration and a non-flat configuration; injection molding the screen elements with a thermoplastic material; fabricating a subgrid configured to support the screen elements, the subgrid having a grid framework with grid openings wherein at least one screen element spans at least one grid opening and is secured to a top surface of the subgrid, the top surface of each subgrid including at least one of a flat surface and a non-flat surface that receives the screen elements; attaching the screen elements to the subgrids; attaching multiple subgrid assemblies together to form end screen frames and center screen frames; attaching the end screen frames to the center screen frames to form a screen frame structure; attaching a first binder bar to a first end of the screen frame structure; and attaching a second binder bar to a second end of the screen frame structure to form the screen assembly, the screen assembly having a continuous screen assembly screening surface comprised of multiple screen element screening surfaces.

The screen assembly performance specifications may include at least one of dimensions, material requirements, open screening area, cut point, and capacity requirements for a screening application. A handle may be attached to the binder bar. A tag may be attached to the binder bar, which tag may include a performance description of the screen assembly. At least one of the screen element and the subgrid may be a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. The thermoplastic material may include a nanomaterial. The subgrid may include at least one base member having fasteners that mate with fasteners of other base members of other subgrids and secure the subgrids together. The fasteners may be clips and clip apertures that snap into place and securely attach the subgrids together.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for fabricating a screen assembly for screening materials is provided by injection molding a screen element with a thermoplastic material, the screen element including a screen element screening surface having screening openings; fabricating a subgrid that supports the screen element, the subgrid having a grid framework with grid openings, the screen element spanning at least one grid opening; securing the screen element to a top surface of the subgrid; and attaching multiple subgrid assemblies together to form the screen assembly, the screen assembly having a continuous screen assembly screening surface made of multiple screen element screening surfaces. The method may also include attaching a first binder bar to a first end of the screen assembly and attaching a second binder bar to a second end of the screen assembly. The first and second binder bars may bind the subgrids together. The binder bar may be configured to distribute a load across the first and second ends of the screen assembly. The thermoplastic material may include a nanomaterial.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for screening a material is provided by attaching a screen assembly to a vibratory screening machine, the screen assembly including a screen element having a series of screening openings forming a screen element screening surface and a subgrid including multiple elongated structural members forming a grid framework having grid openings. Screen elements span grid openings and are secured to a top surface of the subgrid. Multiple subgrids are secured together to form the screen assembly. The screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface comprised of multiple screen element screening surfaces. The screen element is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. The material is screened using the screen assembly.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for screening a material is provided including attaching a screen assembly to a vibratory screening machine and forming a top screening surface of the screen assembly into a concave shape. The screen assembly includes a screen element having a series of screening openings forming a screen element screening surface and a subgrid including multiple elongated structural members forming a grid framework having grid openings. Screen elements span grid openings and are secured to a top surface of the subgrid. Multiple subgrids are secured together to form the screen assembly and the screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface comprised of multiple screen element screening surfaces. The screen element is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. The material is screened using the screen assembly.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a screen assembly is provided, including: a screen element having a first adhesion arrangement; and a subgrid unit having a second adhesion arrangement. The first adhesion arrangement and the second adhesion arrangement may be different materials. At least one of the first adhesion arrangement and the second adhesion arrangement is excitable such that the screen element and the subgrid may be secured together. The screen element is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

The first adhesion arrangement may be a plurality of cavity pockets on a bottom surface of the screen element and the second adhesion arrangement may be a plurality of fusion bars a top surface of the subgrid. The screen element is micro molded and has screening openings between approximately 40 microns and approximately 1000 microns. The cavity pockets may be elongated pockets. The fusion bars may have a height slightly larger than a depth of the cavity pockets. The depth of the cavity pockets may be approximately 0.05 inches and the height of the fusion bars is approximately 0.056 inches. The fusion bars may have a width slightly smaller than a width of the cavity pockets.

The screen element may include thermoplastic polyurethane. The subgrid may include nylon. The screen assembly may include additional screen elements and subgrids secured together, wherein multiple subgrids are secured together. The screen element may have a plurality of screening openings being elongated slots with a width and a length, the width of the screening openings being approximately 43 microns to approximately 1000 microns between inner surfaces of each screen surface element. The screen element may be attached to the subgrid via laser welding. A weld between the screen element and the subgrid may include a mixture of materials from the screen element and the subgrid.

According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a screen assembly is provided, including: a screen element including a screen element screening surface having a series of screening openings; and a subgrid including multiple elongated structural members forming a grid framework having grid openings. The screen element spans at least one of the grid openings and is attached to a top surface of the subgrid. Multiple independent subgrids are secured together to form the screen assembly and the screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface having multiple screen element screening surfaces. The screen element includes substantially parallel end portions and substantially parallel side edge portions substantially perpendicular to the end portions. The screen element further includes a first screen element support member and a second screen element support member orthogonal to the first screen element support member, the first screen element support member extending between the end portions and being approximately parallel to the side edge portions, the second screen element support member extending between the side edge portions and being approximately parallel to the end portions. The screen element includes a first series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the side edge portions, a second series of reinforcement members substantially parallel to the end portions. The screen element screening surface includes screen surface elements forming the screening openings. The end portions, side edge portions, first and second support members, first and second series of reinforcement members structurally stabilize screen surface elements and screening openings. The screen element is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. The screen element includes a plurality of pocket cavities on a bottom surface of the screen element. The subgrid includes a plurality of fusion bars on the top surface of the subgrid. The plurality of fusion bars are configured to mate with the plurality of pocket cavities.

The screening openings may be elongated slots with a width and a length, the width of the screening openings being approximately 43 microns to approximately 1000 microns between inner surfaces of each screen surface element. The plurality of fusion bars may have a height slightly larger than a depth of the plurality of pocket cavities. The height of the plurality of fusion bars may be approximately 0.056 inches. The depth of the plurality of pocket cavities may be approximately 0.050 inches. Each of plurality of pocket cavities may have a width slightly larger than a width of each of the plurality of fusion bars. The plurality of fusion bars may be configured such that, when melted, a portion of the plurality of fusion bars fills the width of the plurality of pocket cavities. Material of the screen element may be fused with material of the subgrid. The screen element may be configured to allow a laser to pass through the screen element and contact the plurality of fusion bars. The laser may melt a portion of the plurality of fusion bars fusing the screen element to the subgrid.

The subgrid may be a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. The screen element may include a thermoplastic polyurethane material. The thermoplastic polyurethane may be at least one of a poly-ether based thermoplastic polyurethane and a polyester based thermoplastic polyurethane. The subgrid may include a nylon material. The fusion bars may include at least one of a carbon and a graphite material. The subgrid may include a screen element locator arrangement configured to locate a screen element upon the subgrid. The screen element may include a plurality of tapered counter bores on a top surface of the screen element along the side edge portions and the end portions between locator apertures of the locator arrangement. The fusion bars and the pocket cavities may be different materials.

The grid framework may include a first and second grid framework forming a first and a second grid opening, the screen elements including a first and a second screen element. The subgrid may include a ridge portion and a base portion, the first and second grid frameworks include first and second angular surfaces that peak at the ridge portion and extend downwardly from the peak portion to the base portion, wherein the first and second screen elements span the first and second angular surfaces, respectively. The screen assembly may include a secondary support framework spanning at least a portion of each grid opening.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention a screen assembly is provided, including: a screen element including a screen element screening surface having a series of screening openings and a plurality of pocket cavities on a bottom surface of the screen element; and a subgrid including multiple elongated structural members forming a grid framework having grid openings and a plurality of fusion bars on a top surface of the subgrid. The screen element spans at least one grid opening and is secured to the top surface of the subgrid via fusing the plurality of fusion bars to the plurality of pocket cavities. Multiple subgrids are secured together to form the screen assembly and the screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface comprised of multiple screen element screening surfaces. The screen element is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. The screen element in configured to allow a laser to pass through the screen element and contact the plurality of fusion bars.

The screening openings may be elongated slots with a width and a length, the width of the screening openings being approximately 43 microns to approximately 1000 microns between inner surfaces of each screen surface element. The screening openings may be elongated slots with a width and a length, the width of the screening openings being approximately 70 microns to approximately 180 microns between inner surfaces of each screen surface element. The screening openings may be elongated slots with a width and a length, the width of the screening openings being approximately 43 microns to approximately 106 microns between inner surfaces of each screen surface element. The screening openings may be elongated slots with a width and a length, the width being about 0.044 mm to about 4 mm and the length being about 0.088 mm to about 60 mm.

The subgrid may include substantially parallel triangular end pieces, triangular middle pieces substantially parallel to the triangular end pieces, a first and second mid support substantially perpendicular to the triangular end pieces and extending between the triangular end pieces, a first and second base support substantially perpendicular to the triangular end pieces and extending between the triangular end pieces and a central ridge substantially perpendicular to the triangular end pieces and extending between the triangular end pieces, a first edge of the triangular end pieces, the triangular middle pieces, the first mid support, the first base support and the central ridge form a first top surface of the subgrid having a first series of grid openings and a second edge of the triangular end pieces, the triangular middle pieces, the second mid support, the second base support and the central ridge form a second top surface of the subgrid having a second series of grid openings, the first top surface sloping from the central ridge to the first base support, the second top surface sloping from the central ridge to the second base support. A first and a second screen element may span the first series and second series of grid openings, respectively.

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a method of fabricating a screen assembly is provided, including: laser welding a screen element of a first material to a subgrid of a second material; and attaching multiple subgrids together to form the screen assembly. The first material and the second material are different materials. The first material and the second material are fused together at laser weld locations.

The screen assembly may have a first adhesion arrangement on a bottom surface of the screen element and the subgrid has a second adhesion arrangement on a top surface of the subgrid. The first adhesion arrangement may be a plurality of pocket cavities and the second adhesion arrangement is a plurality of fusion bars. The plurality of pocket cavities may be configured to mate with the plurality of fusion bars.

The method of fabricating a screen assembly may include locating the screen element upon the subgrid via location apertures in the screen element and location extensions on a top surface of the subgrid. The method for fabricating a screen assembly may include passing a laser through the screen element such that it contacts the plurality of fusion bars. The method for fabricating a screen assembly may include melting a portion of the plurality of fusion bars with the laser. The method for fabricating a screen assembly may include melting a portion of the first material with one of heat produced by the laser and heat transfer from the melted portions of the plurality of fusion bars. The method of fabricating a screen assembly may include removing the laser such that the melted portion of the first material and the melted portion of the fusion bars mix and return to a solid.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure are described in more detail below with reference to the appended Figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1A is an enlarged view of a break out portion of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 1B is a bottom isometric view of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 2 is an isometric top view of a screen element, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a top view of the screen element shown in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 2B is a bottom isometric view of the screen element shown in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 2C is a bottom view of the screen element shown in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 2D is an enlarged top view of a break out portion of the screen element shown in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 3 is a top isometric view of an end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3A is a bottom isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 4 is a top isometric view of a center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4A is a bottom isometric view of the center subgrid shown in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 5 is a top isometric view of a binder bar, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5A is a bottom isometric view of the binder bar shown in FIG. 5 .

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a screen subassembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6A is an exploded view of the subassembly shown in FIG. 6 .

FIG. 7 is a top view of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 7A is an enlarged cross-section of Section A-A of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 7 .

FIG. 8 is a top isometric view of a screen assembly partially covered with screen elements, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an exploded isometric view of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 10 is an exploded isometric view of an end subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10A is an isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 10 having the screen elements attached thereto.

FIG. 10B is a top view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 10A.

FIG. 10C is a cross-section of Section B-B of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 10A.

FIG. 11 is an exploded isometric view of a center subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11A is an isometric view of the center subgrid shown in FIG. 11 having the screen elements attached thereto.

FIG. 12 is an isometric view of a vibratory screening machine having screen assemblies with concave screening surfaces installed thereon, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12A is an enlarged isometric view of the discharge end of the vibratory screening machine shown in FIG. 12 .

FIG. 12B is a front view of the vibratory screening machine shown in FIG. 12 .

FIG. 13 is an isometric view of a vibratory screening machine with a single screening surface having screen assemblies with concave screening surfaces installed thereon, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13A is a front view of the vibratory screening machine shown in FIG. 13 .

FIG. 14 is a front view of a vibratory screening machine having two separate concave screening surfaces with preformed screen assemblies installed upon the vibratory screening machine, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a front view of a vibratory screening machine having a single screening surface with a preformed screen assembly installed upon the vibratory screening machine, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an isometric view of an end support frame subassembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16A is an exploded isometric view of the end support frame subassembly shown in FIG. 16 .

FIG. 17 is an isometric view of a center support frame subassembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17A is an exploded isometric view of the center support frame subassembly shown in FIG. 17 .

FIG. 18 is an exploded isometric view of a screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a top isometric view of a flat screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a top isometric view of a convex screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is an isometric view of a screen assembly having pyramidal shaped subgrids, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21A is an enlarged view of section D of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 21 .

FIG. 22 is a top isometric view of a pyramidal shaped end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22A is a bottom isometric view of the pyramidal shaped end subgrid shown in FIG. 22 .

FIG. 23 is a top isometric view of a pyramidal shaped center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23A is a bottom isometric view of the pyramidal shaped center subgrid shown in FIG. 23 .

FIG. 24 is an isometric view of a pyramidal shaped subassembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24A is an exploded isometric view of the pyramidal shaped subassembly shown in FIG. 24 .

FIG. 24B is an exploded isometric view of a pyramidal shaped end subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the pyramidal shaped end subgrid.

FIG. 24C is an isometric view of the pyramidal shaped end subgrid shown in FIG. 24B having the screen elements attached thereto.

FIG. 24D is an exploded isometric view of a pyramidal shaped center subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the pyramidal shaped center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24E is an isometric view of the pyramidal shaped center subgrid shown in FIG. 24D having the screen elements attached thereto.

FIG. 25 is a top view of a screen assembly having pyramidal shaped subgrids, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25A is a cross-section view of Section C-C of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 25 .

FIG. 25B is an enlarged view of Section C-C shown in FIG. 25A.

FIG. 26 is an exploded isometric view of a screen assembly having pyramidal shaped and flat subassemblies, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is an isometric view of a vibratory screening machine with two screening surfaces having assemblies with concave screening surfaces installed thereon wherein the screen assemblies include pyramidal shaped and flat subassemblies, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a top isometric view of a screen assembly having pyramidal shaped and flat subgrids without screen elements, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a top isometric view of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 28 where the subgrids are partially covered with screen elements.

FIG. 30 is a front view of a vibratory screening machine with two screening surfaces having assemblies with concave screening surfaces installed thereon where the screen assemblies include pyramidal shaped and flat subgrids, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a front view of a vibratory screening machine with a single screen surface having an assembly with a concave screening surface installed thereon where the screen assembly includes pyramidal shaped and flat subgrids, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a front view of a vibratory screening machine with two screening surfaces having preformed screen assemblies with flat screening surfaces installed thereon where the screen assemblies include pyramidal shaped and flat subgrids, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a front view of a vibratory screening machine with a single screening surface having a preformed screen assembly with a flat screening surface installed thereon where the screen assembly includes pyramidal shaped and flat subgrids, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is an isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 3 having a single screen element partially attached thereto, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is an enlarged view of break out Section E of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 34 .

FIG. 36 is an isometric view of a screen assembly having pyramidal shaped subgrids in a portion of the screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a flow chart of a screen assembly fabrication, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a flow chart of a screen assembly fabrication, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 an isometric view of a vibratory screening machine having a single screen assembly with a flat screening surface installed thereon with a portion of the vibratory machine cut away showing the screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is an isometric top view of an individual screen element, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40A is an isometric top view of a screen element pyramid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40B is an isometric top view of four of the screen element pyramids shown in FIG. 40A.

FIG. 40C is an isometric top view of an inverted screen element pyramid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40D is a front view of the screen element shown in FIG. 40C.

FIG. 40E is an isometric top view of a screen element structure, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40F is a front view of the screen element structure shown in FIG. 40E.

FIGS. 41 to 43 are front cross-sectional profile views of screen elements, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is an isometric top view of a prescreening structure with prescreen assemblies according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44A is an isometric top view of the prescreen assembly shown in FIG. 44 , according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is a top view of a screen element above a portion of a subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45A is an exploded side view of cross section A-A showing the screen element above the portion of the subgrid of FIG. 45 .

FIG. 45B is a side view of cross section A-A of the screen element and the portion of the subgrid of FIG. 45 prior to attachment of the screen element to the subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45C is an enlarged view of section A of FIG. 45B.

FIG. 45D is a side view of cross section A-A of the screen element and the portion of the subgrid of FIG. 45 after attachment of the screen element to the subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45E is an enlarged view of section B of FIG. 45D.

FIG. 46 is side cross section view of a portion of a screen element and a portion of a subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 47 is a top isometric view of a portion of a screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is an isometric top view of a screen element, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 48A is a top view of the screen element shown in FIG. 48 .

FIG. 48B is a bottom isometric view of the screen element shown in FIG. 48 .

FIG. 48C is a bottom view of the screen element shown in FIG. 48 .

FIG. 49 is a top isometric view of an end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 49A is a bottom isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 49 .

FIG. 50 is a top isometric view of a center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 50A is a bottom isometric view of the center subgrid shown in FIG. 50 .

FIG. 51 is an exploded isometric view of an end subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51A is an isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 51 having the screen elements attached thereto.

FIG. 52 is an exploded isometric view of a center subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52A is an isometric view of the center subgrid shown in FIG. 52 having the screen elements attached thereto.

FIG. 53 is a top isometric view of a pyramidal shaped end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 53A is a bottom isometric view of the pyramidal shaped end subgrid shown in FIG. 53 .

FIG. 54 is a top isometric view of a pyramidal shaped center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 54A is a bottom isometric view of the pyramidal shaped center subgrid shown in FIG. 54 .

FIG. 55 is an exploded isometric view of a pyramidal shaped end subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the pyramidal shaped end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 55A is an isometric view of the pyramidal shaped end subgrid shown in FIG. 55 having the screen elements attached thereto.

FIG. 56 is an exploded isometric view of a pyramidal shaped center subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the pyramidal shaped center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 56A is an isometric view of the pyramidal shaped center subgrid shown in FIG. 56 having the screen elements attached thereto.

FIG. 57 is an isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 50 having a single screen element partially attached thereto, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 57A is an enlarged view of section A of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 57 .

FIG. 58 is a top isometric view of a portion of a screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 59 is a top isometric view of an end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 59A is a bottom isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 59 .

FIG. 60 is a top isometric view of a center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 60A is a bottom isometric view of the center subgrid shown in FIG. 60 .

FIG. 61 is an exploded isometric view of an end subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 61A is an isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 61 having the screen elements attached thereto, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 62 is an exploded isometric view of a center subgrid showing screen elements prior to attachment to the center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 62A is an isometric view of the center subgrid shown in FIG. 62 having the screen elements attached thereto, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 63 is a top isometric view of a pyramidal shaped end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 63A is a bottom isometric view of the pyramidal shaped end subgrid shown in FIG. 63 .

FIG. 63B illustrates an isometric view of clip 42 of FIGS. 3 and 3A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 63C illustrates an isometric view of clip 142 of FIGS. 59-62A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 63D illustrates an isometric view of clip 242 of FIGS. 63 and 63A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 64 is a top isometric view of an end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 64A is a bottom isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 64 .

FIG. 65 is a top isometric view of a center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 65A is a bottom isometric view of the center subgrid shown in FIG. 65 .

FIG. 66 is an isometric top view of a screen element, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 66A is a top view of the screen element shown in FIG. 66 .

FIG. 66B is a bottom isometric view of the screen element shown in FIG. 66 .

FIG. 66C is a bottom view of the screen element shown in FIG. 66 .

FIG. 67 is an exploded isometric view of an end subgrid showing a screen element prior to attachment to the end subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 67A is an isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 67 having the screen element attached thereto, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 68 is an exploded isometric view of a center subgrid showing a screen element prior to attachment to the center subgrid, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 68A is an isometric view of the center subgrid shown in FIG. 68 having the screen element attached thereto, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 69 is an isometric view of a screen assembly having pyramidal shaped subgrids, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 69A is an enlarged view of section D of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 69 .

FIG. 70 is a reproduction of FIG. 66C, illustrating a bottom view of a screen element, for comparison with the screen element of FIG. 70A.

FIG. 70A is a bottom view of a screen element having smaller features than the screen element of FIGS. 70 and 66 .

FIG. 71 is a reproduction of FIG. 65 , illustrating a top isometric view of a center subgrid, for comparison with the center subgrid of FIG. 71A.

FIG. 71A is a side isometric view of a center subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 71B is an enlarged view of region “A” of FIG. 71A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 71C is a top down view of the center subgrid of FIG. 71A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 71D is a side view of the center subgrid of FIG. 71A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 71E illustrates features of a screen element in comparison with support features of an end subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 71F illustrates features of a further screen element in comparison with support features of a further end subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 72 illustrates a pyramidal shaped end subgrid similar to the pyramidal shaped end subgrid of FIG. 63 , for comparison with the pyramidal shaped end subgrid of FIG. 72A.

FIG. 72A illustrates a pyramidal shaped end subgrid having a higher linear density of structural features than the 72, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 72B illustrates features of a screen element in comparison with support features of a pyramidal shaped end subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 72C illustrates features of a further screen element in comparison with support features of a further pyramidal shaped end subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 73 illustrates a top-down view of a screen element, previously illustrated in FIGS. 70A, 71F, and 72C, in which a first cross section direction A-A and a second cross section direction C-C is defined, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 73A illustrates a first cross section, defined by the first cross section direction A-A of FIG. 73 , according to an embodiment.

FIG. 73B illustrates an enlarged view of the first cross section illustrated in FIG. 73A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 73C illustrates a second cross section of the screen element of FIG. 73 defined by the second cross section direction C-C of FIG. 73 , according to an embodiment.

FIG. 73D illustrates an enlarged view of the second cross section illustrated in FIG. 73C, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 74 illustrates a top-down view of the center screen subassembly similar to center screen subassembly of FIG. 68A, in which a cross section direction A-A is defined, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 74A illustrates a side view of the center screen subassembly of FIG. 74 , according to an embodiment.

FIG. 74B illustrates a cross section, defined by the cross section direction A-A of FIG. 74 , according to an embodiment.

FIG. 74C illustrates a first enlarged view of a first portion of the cross section of center screen subassembly of FIG. 74B, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 74D illustrates a second enlarged view of a second portion of the cross section of center screen subassembly of FIG. 74C, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 75A illustrates a screen assembly including screen elements that are configured to be attached to rectangular regions formed by a grid framework, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 75B illustrates top perspective view of a grid framework to which screen elements may be attached to form a screen assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 75C illustrates a bottom perspective view of the grid framework of FIG. 75B, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 76 illustrates screen elements directly attached to a plate structure without the need to first attach the screen elements to subgrids, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 76A illustrates screen elements configured to be directly attached to a punched plate, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 76B illustrates screen elements configured to be directly attached to a corrugated punched plate, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 76C illustrates a frame having pockets to accommodate screen elements, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 77A illustrates an embodiment fusion bar that may serve as a location member, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 77B illustrates an embodiment cavity pocket that may serve as a location aperture, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 77C illustrates alignment of the fusion bar of FIG. 77A with the cavity pocket of FIG. 77B.

FIG. 78A illustrates a side view of a compression assembly applying a compressive force to a screen assembly via a binder bar, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 78B illustrates a first perspective view of the binder bar of FIG. 78A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 78C illustrates a second perspective view of the binder bar of FIG. 78A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 78D illustrates an end view of the binder bar of FIG. 78A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 78E illustrates a screen assembly installed in a vibratory screening machine and held by compressive forces generated by a compression assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 79 illustrates an edge view of a surface of an uncompressed screen assembly, having a first radius of curvature, positioned over a mating surface of a vibratory screening machine having a second radius of curvature, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80A illustrates a top view of a circular screen assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80B illustrates a perspective top view of the circular screen assembly of FIG. 80A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80C illustrates a perspective bottom view of the circular screen assembly of FIG. 80A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80D illustrates a top view of structural support components for a circular screen assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80E illustrates a top view of an example subgrid that may be combined with other similar subgrids to form a screen assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80F illustrates a top view of three subgrids that are combined in a staggered arrangement, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80G illustrates a cross-sectional view of the staggered arrangement of subgrids shown in FIG. 80F, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80H illustrates a triangular arrangement of subgrids used to generate a triangular screen assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80I illustrates a triangular screen assembly including a triangular support frame, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 80J illustrates an enlarged view of the triangular screen assembly of FIG. 80I, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 81 illustrates a top view of a screen element with various regions that may be laser welded to an underlying subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 82 illustrates a vibrational amplitude profile of a screen element that is partially bonded to a subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 83 illustrates an example attrition screening machine, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 84A illustrates a perspective exploded view of a screen assembly that is configured to facilitate screen de-blinding, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 84B illustrates an assembled view of the screen assembly of FIG. 84A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 85A illustrates a perspective view of a support frame having a single internal support structure forming two internal compartments, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 85B illustrates a perspective view of a support frame having three internal support structures forming four internal compartments, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 85C illustrates a perspective view of a support frame having two crossed internal support structures forming four internal compartments, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 85D illustrates a perspective view of a support frame having four internal support structures forming eight internal compartments, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 85E illustrates a top view of a screen assembly having support frames and unsecured objects, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 86 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a screening apparatus, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 87A illustrates a top perspective view of a screening assembly and a plug that may be installed in a damaged area of the screening assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 87B illustrates the plug and screen assembly of FIG. 87A with the plug in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 88A illustrates a top perspective view of the plug of FIGS. 87A and 87B, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 88B illustrates a bottom perspective view of the plug of FIGS. 87A and 87B, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 89 illustrates an exploded view of the screening assembly and plug of FIGS. 87A and 87B, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 90A illustrates a bottom perspective view of the plug and screen assembly of FIGS. 87A and 87B with the plug in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 90B illustrates a bottom view of the plug and screen assembly of FIGS. 87A and 87B with the plug in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 91A illustrates an exploded view of a screening assembly having a subgrid and a replaceable screen element, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 91B illustrates the screening assembly of FIG. 91A with the replaceable screen element and the subgrid in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 92A illustrates a perspective bottom view of a screening element having attachment arrangements configured as hooks, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 92B illustrates a close-up bottom perspective view of the screening element of FIG. 92A showing details of the hooks, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 93A illustrates a top perspective view of a subgrid having hook apertures, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 93B illustrates a bottom view of the subgrid of FIG. 93A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 94 illustrates close-up exploded view of the screening assembly of FIG. 91A having a subgrid and a replaceable screen element, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 95A illustrates a bottom perspective view of the screening assembly of FIG. 91B having a subgrid and a replaceable screen element in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 95B illustrates a close-up bottom view of the screening assembly of FIG. 95A having a subgrid and a replaceable screen element in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 96A illustrates a top perspective exploded view of a three-piece screening assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 96B illustrates a top perspective exploded view of the three-piece screening assembly of FIG. 96A in which a screening element has been attached to a top subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 96C illustrates a top perspective view of the screening assembly of FIGS. 96A and 96B in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 97A illustrates a top perspective view of the top subgrid of FIGS. 96A to 96C, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 97B illustrates a bottom perspective view of the top subgrid of FIGS. 96A to 96C, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 97C illustrates a screening sub-assembly including a screening element attached to a top subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 98A illustrates a top perspective view of the bottom subgrid of FIGS. 96A to 96C, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 98B illustrates a bottom perspective view of the bottom subgrid of FIG. 98A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 99A illustrates a bottom perspective exploded view of the three-piece screening assembly of FIG. 96B in which a screening element has been attached to a top subgrid, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 99B illustrates a bottom perspective view of the screening assembly of FIGS. 96A to 96C and 99A in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 100A illustrates a top view of a screening element that includes screening openings having rounded corners, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 100B illustrates a side view of the screening element of FIG. 100A, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 100C illustrates a top exploded view of a surface region of the screening element of FIG. 100A showing screening openings having rounded corners, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 101A illustrates a top view of a screening element that includes transversely aligned screening openings, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 101B illustrates an exploded top view of a portion of the screening element of FIG. 101A showing details of transversely aligned screening openings, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 101C illustrates a top view of a screening element that includes longitudinally aligned screening openings, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 101D illustrates an exploded top view of a portion of the screening element of FIG. 101C showing details of longitudinally aligned screening openings, according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present invention provide a screen assembly that includes injection molded screen elements that are mated to a subgrid. Multiple subgrids are securely fastened to each other to form the vibratory screen assembly, which has a continuous screening surface and is configured for use on a vibratory screening machine. The entire screen assembly structure is configured to withstand rigorous loading conditions encountered when mounted and operated on a vibratory screening machine. Injection molded screen elements provide for many advantages in screen assembly manufacturing and vibratory screening applications. In certain embodiments of the present invention, screen elements are injection molded using a thermoplastic material. In certain embodiments of the present invention, screen elements may have a first adhesion arrangement configured to mate with a second adhesion arrangement on a subgrid. The first and second adhesion arrangements may include different materials and may be configured such that screen elements may be fused to the subgrid via laser welding. The first adhesion arrangement may be a plurality of pocket cavities and the second adhesion arrangement may be a plurality of fusion bars, which may be configured to melt when subjected to a laser. Screen elements may include a thermoplastic polyurethane, which may be polyester based, polycarbonate based, or poly-ether based. Embodiments of the present invention include screen elements secured to subgrids via a hardened mixture of separate materials. Embodiments of the present invention include methods of fabricating a screen assembly by fusing screen elements to subgrids via laser welding and attaching multiple subgrids together to form the screen assembly.

Embodiments of the present invention provide injection molded screen elements that are of a practical size and configuration for manufacture of vibratory screen assemblies and for use in vibratory screening applications. Several important considerations have been taken into account in the configuration of individual screen elements. Screen elements are provided that: are of an optimal size (large enough for efficient assembly of a complete screen assembly structure yet small enough to injection mold (micro-mold in certain embodiments) extremely small structures forming screening openings while avoiding freezing (i.e., material hardening in a mold before completely filling the mold)); have optimal open screening area (the structures forming the openings and supporting the openings are of a minimal size to increase the overall open area used for screening while maintaining, in certain embodiments, very small screening openings necessary to properly separate materials to a specified standard); have durability and strength, can operate in a variety of temperature ranges; are chemically resistant; are structural stable; are highly versatile in screen assembly manufacturing processes; and are configurable in customizable configurations for specific applications.

Embodiments of the present invention provide screen elements that are fabricated using extremely precise injection molding. The larger the screen element the easier it is to assemble a complete vibratory screen assembly. Simply put, the fewer pieces there are to put together, the easier the system will be to put together. However, the larger the screen element, the more difficult it is to injection mold extremely small structures, i.e. the structures forming the screening openings. It is important to minimize the size of the structures forming the screening openings so as to maximize the number of screening openings on an individual screen element and thereby optimize the open screening area for the screening element and thus the overall screen assembly. In certain embodiments, screen elements are provided that are large enough (e.g., one inch by one inch, one inch by two inches, two inches by three inches, etc.) to make it practical to assemble a complete screen assembly screening surface (e.g., two feet by three feet, three feet by four feet, etc.). The relatively “small size” (e.g., one inch by one inch, one inch by two inches, two inches by three inches, etc.) is fairly large when micro-molding extremely small structural members (e.g., opening sizes and structural members as small as 43 microns). The larger the size of the overall screen element and the smaller the size of the individual structural members forming the screening openings, the more prone the injection molding process is to errors such as freezing. Thus, the size of the screen elements must be practical for screen assembly manufacture while at the same time small enough to eliminate problems such as freezing when micro-molding extremely small structures. Sizes of screening elements may vary based on the material being injection molded, the size of the screening openings required and the overall open screening area desired.

Open screening area is a critical feature of vibratory screen assemblies. The average usable open screening area (i.e., actual open area after taking into account the structural steel of support members and bonding materials) for traditional 100 mesh to 200 mesh wire screen assemblies may be in the range of 16%. Specific embodiments of the present invention (e.g., screening assemblies with constructions described herein and having 100 mesh to 200 mesh screen openings) provide screen assemblies in the same range having a similar actual open screening areas. Traditional screens, however, blind fairly quickly in the field which results in the actual opening screening area being reduced fairly quickly. It is not uncommon for traditional metal screens to blind within the first 24 hours of use and to have the actual open screening area reduced by 50%. Traditional wire assemblies also frequently fail as a result of wires being subjected to vibratory forces which place bending loads of the wires. Injection molded screen assemblies, according to embodiments of the present invention, in contrast, are not subject to extensive blinding (thereby maintaining a relatively constant actual open screening area) and rarely fail because of the structural stability and configuration of the screen assembly, including the screen elements and subgrid structures. In fact, screen assemblies according to embodiments of the present invention have extremely long lives and may last for long periods of time under heaving loading. Screen assemblies according to the present invention have been tested for months under rigorous conditions without failure or blinding whereas traditional wire assemblies were tested under the same conditions and blinded and failed within days. As more fully discussed herein, traditional thermoset type assemblies could not be used in such applications.

In embodiments of the present invention a thermoplastic is used to injection mold screen elements. As opposed to thermoset type polymers, which frequently include liquid materials that chemically react and cure under temperature, use of thermoplastics is often simpler and may be provided, e.g., by melting a homogeneous material (often in the form of solid pellets) and then injection molding the melted material. Not only are the physical properties of thermoplastics optimal for vibratory screening applications but the use of thermoplastic liquids provides for easier manufacturing processes, especially when micro-molding parts as described herein. The use of thermoplastic materials in the present invention provides for excellent flexure and bending fatigue strength and is ideal for parts subjected to intermittent heavy loading or constant heavy loading as is encountered with vibratory screens used on vibratory screening machines. Because vibratory screening machines are subject to motion, the low coefficient of friction of the thermoplastic injection molded materials provides for optimal wear characteristics. Indeed, the wear resistance of certain thermoplastics is superior to many metals. Further, use of thermoplastics as described herein provides an optimal material when making “snap-fits” due to its toughness and elongation characteristics. The use of thermoplastics in embodiments of the present invention also provides for resistance to stress cracking, aging and extreme weathering. The heat deflection temperature of thermoplastics is in the range of 200° F. With the addition of glass fibers, this will increase to approximately 250° F. to approximately 300° F. or greater and increase rigidity, as measured by Flexural Modulus, from approximately 400,000 PSI to over approximately 1,000,000 PSI. All of these properties are ideal for the environment encountered when using vibratory screens on vibratory screening machines under the demanding conditions encounter in the field.

Embodiments of the present invention may incorporate various materials into subgrid units and/or the screen elements depending on the desired properties of the embodiments. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) may be incorporated into embodiments of the present invention (e.g., screen elements), providing elasticity, transparency, and resistance to oil, grease, and abrasion. TPU also has high shear strength. These properties of TPU are beneficial when applied to embodiments of the present invention, which are subjected to high vibratory forces, abrasive materials and high load demands. Different types of TPU may be incorporated into embodiments depending on the material being screened. For example, polyester-based TPUs may be incorporated into screen assemblies used for oil and/or gas screening because the esters provide superior abrasion resistance, oil resistance, mechanical integrity, chemical resistance and adhesion strength. Poly-ether based TPUs may be incorporated into mining applications where hydrolysis resistance (a property of ether based TPUs) is important. Para-phenylene disocyanate (PPDI) may be incorporated into embodiments of the present invention. PPDI may provide high performance properties in a variety of screening applications. Materials for embodiments of the present invention may be selected or determined based upon a variety of factors, including performance properties of each material and costs associated with using the materials.

In embodiments of the present invention, materials for a screen element may be selected to have high temperature tolerance, chemical resistance, hydrolytic resistance, and/or abrasion resistance. Screen elements may incorporate materials, such as TPUs, providing the screen elements with a clear appearance. Clear screen elements may allow for efficient laser transmission through the screen elements for laser welding purposes. Subgrid materials may be different than the screen element material. In embodiments of the present invention, subgrids may be nylon. Subgrids may incorporate carbon or graphite. Different materials between screen elements and subgrids may be secured to each other via laser welding, which may provide a much stronger adhesion between the screen elements and the subgrids than alternative attachment methods. The stronger attachment of the screen element to the subgrid provides improved performance of the screen assemblies when subjected to the high vibratory forces of vibratory screening machines and the abrasive forces that occur on the surfaces of the screen elements during screening of materials.

FIG. 1 illustrates a screen assembly 10 for use with vibratory screening machines. Screen assembly 10 is shown having multiple screen elements 16 (See, e.g., FIGS. 2 and 2A-2D) mounted on subgrid structures. The subgrid structures include multiple independent end subgrid units 14 (See, e.g., FIG. 3 ) and multiple independent center subgrid units 18 (See, e.g., FIG. 4 ) that are secured together to form a grid framework having grid openings 50. Each screen element 16 spans four grid openings 50. Although screen element 16 is shown as a unit covering four grid openings, screen elements may be provided in larger or smaller sized units. For example, a screen element may be provided that is approximately one-fourth the size of screen element 16 such that it would span a single grid opening 50. Alternatively, a screen element may be provided that is approximately twice the size of screen element 16 such that it would span all eight grid openings of subgrid 14 or 18. Subgrids may also be provided in different sizes. For example, subgrid units may be provided that have two grid openings per unit or one large subgrid may be provided for the overall structure, i.e., a single subgrid structure for the entire screen assembly. In FIG. 1 , multiple independent subgrids 14 and 18 are secured together to form the screen assembly 10. Screen assembly 10 has a continuous screen assembly screening surface 11 that includes multiple screen element screening surfaces 13. Each screen element 16 is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

FIG. 1A is an enlarged view of a portion of the screen assembly 10 having multiple end subgrids 14 and center subgrids 18. As discussed below, the end subgrids 14 and center subgrids 18 may be secured together to form the screen assembly. Screen elements 16 are shown attached to the end subgrids 14 and center subgrids 18. The size of the screen assembly may be altered by attaching more or less subgrids together to form the screen assembly. When installed in a vibratory screening machine, material may be fed onto the screen assembly 10. See, e.g., FIGS. 12, 12A, 12B, 13, 13A, 14, and 15 . Material smaller than the screen openings of the screen element 16, passes through the openings in screening element 16 and through the grid openings 50 thereby separating the material from that which is too big to pass through the screen openings of the screen elements 16.

FIG. 1B shows a bottom view of the screen assembly 10 such that the grid openings 50 may be seen below the screen elements. Binder bars 12 are attached to sides of the grid framework. Binder bars 12 may be attached to lock subassemblies together creating the grid framework. Binder bars 12 may include fasteners that attach to fasteners on side members 38 of subgrid units (14 and 18) or fasteners on base member 64 of pyramidal subgrid units (58 and 60). Binder bars 12 may be provided to increase the stability of the grid framework and may distribute compression loads if the screen assembly is mounted to a vibratory screening machine using compression, e.g., using compression assemblies as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/460,200 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,984). Binder bars may also be provided that include U-shaped members or finger receiving apertures, for undermount or overmount tensioning onto a vibratory screening machine, e.g., see mounting structures described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,332,101 and 6,669,027. The screen elements and subgrids are securely attached together, as described herein, such that, even under tensioning, the screen assembly screening surface and screen assembly maintain their structural integrity.

The screen assembly shown in FIG. 1 is slightly concave, i.e., the bottom and top surfaces of the screen assembly have a slight curvature. Subgrids 14 and 18 are fabricated such that when they are assembled together this predetermined curvature is achieved. Alternatively, a screen assembly may be flat or convex (see, e.g., FIGS. 19 and 20 ). As shown in FIGS. 12 , 12A, 13, and 13A, screen assembly 10 may be installed upon a vibratory screening machine having one or more screening surfaces. In one embodiment, screen assembly 10 may be installed upon a vibratory screening machine by placing screen assembly 10 on the vibratory screening machine such that the binder bars contact end or side members of the vibratory screening machine. Compression force is then applied to binder bar 12. Binder bars 12 distribute the load from the compression force to the screen assembly. The screen assembly 10 may be configured such that it flexes and deforms into a predetermined concave shape when compression force is applied to binder bar 12. The amount of deformation and range of concavity may vary according to use, compression forced applied, and shape of the bed support of the vibratory screening machine. Compressing screen assembly 10 into a concave shape when installed in a vibratory screening machine provides many benefits, e.g., easy and simple installation and removal, capturing and centering of materials to be screened, etc. Further benefits are enumerated in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394. Centering of material streams on screen assembly 10 prevents the material from exiting the screening surface and potentially contaminating previously segregated materials and/or creating maintenance concerns. For larger material flow volumes, screen assembly 10 may be placed in greater compression, thereby increasing the amount of arc of the screen assembly 10. The greater the amount of arc in screen assembly 10 allows for greater retaining capability of material by screen assembly 10 and prevention of over spilling of material off edges of the screen assembly 10. Screen assembly 10 may also be configured to deform into a convex shape under compression or remain substantially flat under compression or clamping. Incorporating binder bars 12 into the screen assembly 10 allows for a compression load from a vibratory screening machine to be distributed across the screen assembly 10. Screen assembly 10 may include guide notches in the binder bars 12 to help guide the screen assembly 10 into place when installed upon a vibratory screening machine having guides. Alternatively, the screen assembly may be installed upon a vibratory screening machine without binder bars 12. In the alternative embodiment, guide notches may be included in subgrid units. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/460,200 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,984) is incorporated herein by reference and any embodiments disclosed therein may be incorporated into embodiments of the present invention described herein.

FIG. 2 shows a screen element 16 having substantially parallel screen element end portions 20 and substantially parallel screen element side portions 22 that are substantially perpendicular to the screen element end portions 20. The screen element screening surface 13 includes surface elements 84 running parallel to the screen element end portions 20 and forming screening openings 86. See FIG. 2D. Surface elements 84 have a thickness T, which may vary depending on the screening application and configuration of the screening openings 86. T may be, e.g., approximately 43 microns to approximately 1000 microns depending on the open screening area desired and the width W of screening openings 86. The screening openings 86 are elongated slots having a length L and a width W, which may be varied for a chosen configuration. The width may be a distance of approximately 43 microns to approximately 2000 microns between inner surfaces of each screen surface element 84. The screening openings are not required to be rectangular but may be thermoplastic injection molded to any shape suitable to a particular screening application, including approximately square, circular and/or oval. For increased stability, the screen surface elements 84 may include integral fiber materials which may run substantially parallel to end portions 20. The fiber may be an aramid fiber (or individual filaments thereof), a naturally occurring fiber or other material having a relatively high tensile strength. U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,809 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/763,046 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,584,866) are incorporated herein by reference and, as appropriate, the embodiments disclosed therein may be incorporated into the screen assemblies disclosed herein.

The screen element 16 may include attachment apertures 24 configured such that elongated attachment members 44 of a subgrid may pass through the attachment apertures 24. The attachment apertures 24 may include a tapered bore that may be filled when a portion of the elongated attachment member 44 above the screening element screening surface is melted fastening screen element 16 to the subgrid. Alternatively, the attachment apertures 24 may be configured without a tapered bore allowing formation of a bead on the screening element screening surface when a portion of an elongated attachment member 44 above a screening element screening surface is melted fastening the screen element to the subgrid. Screen element 16 may be a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. Screen element 16 may also be multiple thermoplastic injection molded pieces, each configured to span one or more grid openings. Utilizing small thermoplastic injection molded screen elements 16, which are attached to a grid framework as described herein, provides for substantial advantages over prior screen assemblies. Thermoplastic injection molding screen elements 16 allow for screening openings 86 to have widths W as small as approximately 43 microns. This allows for precise and effective screening. Arranging the screen elements 16 on subgrids, which may also be thermoplastic injection molded, allows for easy construction of complete screen assemblies with very fine screening openings. Arranging the screen elements 16 on subgrids also allows for substantial variations in overall size and/or configuration of the screen assembly 10, which may be varied by including more or less subgrids or subgrids having different shapes. Moreover, a screen assembly may be constructed having a variety of screening opening sizes or a gradient of screening opening sizes simply by incorporating screen elements 16 with the different size screening openings onto subgrids and joining the subgrids in the desired configuration.

FIG. 2B and FIG. 2C show a bottom of the screen element 16 having a first screen element support member 28 extending between the end portions 20 and being substantially perpendicular to the end portions 20. FIG. 2B also shows a second screen element support member 30 orthogonal to the first screen element support member 28 extending between the side edge portions 22 being approximately parallel to the end portions 20 and substantially perpendicular to the side portions 22. The screen element may further include a first series reinforcement members 32 substantially parallel to the side edge portions 22 and a second series of reinforcement members 34 substantially parallel to the end portions 20. The end portions 20, the side edge portions 22, the first screen element support member 28, the second screen element support member 30, the first series reinforcement members 32, and the second series of reinforcement members 34 structurally stabilize the screen surface elements 84 and screening openings 86 during different loadings, including distribution of a compression force and/or vibratory loading conditions.

FIG. 3 and FIG. 3A illustrate an end subgrid 14 unit. The end subgrid unit 14 includes parallel subgrid end members 36 and parallel subgrid side members 38 substantially perpendicular to the subgrid end members 36. The end subgrid unit 14 has fasteners along one subgrid end member 36 and along the subgrid side members 38. The fasteners may be clips 42 and clip apertures 40 such that multiple subgrid units 14 may be securely attached together. The subgrid units may be secured together along their respective side members 38 by passing the clip 42 into the clip aperture 40 until extended members of the clip 42 extend beyond clip aperture 40 and subgrid side member 38. As the clip 42 is pushed into the clip aperture 40, the clip's extended members will be forced together until a clipping portion of each extended member is beyond the subgrid side member 38 allowing the clipping portions to engage an interior portion of the subgrid side member 38. When the clipping portions are engaged into the clip aperture, subgrid side members of two independent subgrids will be side by side and secured together. The subgrids may be separated by applying a force to the clip's extended members such that the extended members are moved together allowing for the clipping portions to pass out of the clip aperture. Alternatively, the clips 42 and clip apertures 40 may be used to secure subgrid end member 36 to a subgrid end member of another subgrid, such as a center subgrid (FIG. 4 ). The end subgrid may have a subgrid end member 36 that does not have any fasteners. Although the fasteners shown in drawings are clips and clip apertures, alternative fasters and alternative forms of clips and apertures may be used, including other mechanical arrangements, adhesives, etc.

Constructing the grid framework from subgrids, which may be substantially rigid, creates a strong and durable grid framework and screen assembly 10. Screen assembly 10 is constructed so that it can withstand heavy loading without damage to the screening surface and supporting structure. For example, the pyramidal shaped grid frameworks shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 provide a very strong pyramid base framework that supports individual screen elements capable of very fine screening, having screening openings as small as 43 microns. Unlike the pyramidal screen assembly embodiment of the present invention described herein, existing corrugated or pyramid type wire mesh screen assemblies are highly susceptible to damage and/or deformation under heavy loading. Thus, unlike current screens, the present invention provides for screen assemblies having very small and very precise screening openings while simultaneously providing substantial structural stability and resistance to damage thereby maintaining precision screening under a variety of load burdens. Constructing the grid framework from subgrids also allows for substantial variation in the size, shape, and/or configuration of the screen assembly by simply altering the number and/or type of subgrids used to construct the grid framework.

End subgrid unit 14 includes a first subgrid support member 46 running parallel to subgrid side members 38 and a second subgrid support member 48 orthogonal to the first subgrid support member 46 and perpendicular to the subgrid side members 38. Elongated attachment members 44 may be configured such that they mate with the screen element attachment apertures 24. Screen element 16 may be secured to the subgrid 14 via mating the elongated attachment members 44 with screen element attachment apertures 24. A portion of elongated attachment member 44 may extend slightly above the screen element screening surface when the screen element 16 is attached to the end subgrid 14. The screen element attachment apertures 24 may include a tapered bore such that a portion of the elongated attachment members 44 extending above the screen element screening surface may be melted and fill the tapered bore. Alternatively, screen element attachment apertures 24 may be without a tapered bore and the portion of the elongated attachment members extending above the screening surface of the screening element 16 may be configured to form a bead on the screening surface when melted. See FIGS. 34 and 35 . Once attached, the screen element 16 will span at least one grid opening 50. Materials passing through the screening openings 86 will pass through grid opening 50. The arrangement of elongated attachment members 44 and the corresponding arrangement of screen element attachment apertures 24 provide a guide for attachment of screen elements 16 to subgrids simplifying assembly of subgrids. The elongated attachment members 44 pass through the screen element attachment apertures 24 guiding the screen element into correct placement on the surface of the subgrid. Attachment via elongated attachment members 44 and screen element attachment apertures 24 further provides a secure attachment to the subgrid and strengthens the screening surface of the screen assembly 10.

FIG. 4 shows a center subgrid 18. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 1A, the center subgrid 18 may be incorporated into a screen assembly. The center subgrid 18 has clips 42 and clip apertures 40 on both subgrid end members 36. The end subgrid 14 has clips 42 and clip apertures 40 on only one of two subgrid end members 36. Center subgrids 18 may be secured to other subgrids on each of its subgrid end members and subgrid side members.

FIG. 5 shows a top view of binder bar 12. FIG. 5A shows a bottom view of binder bar 12. Binder bars 12 include clips 42 and clip apertures 40 such that binder bar 12 may be clipped to a side of an assembly of screen panels (see FIG. 9 ). As with subgrids, fasteners on the binder bar 12 are shown as clips and clip apertures but other fasteners may be utilized to engage fasteners of the subgrids. Handles may be attached to binder bars 12 (see, e.g., FIG. 7 ) which may simplify transportation and installation of a screen assembly. Tags and/or labels may also be attached to binder bars. As discussed above, binder bars 12 may increase the stability of the grid framework and may distribute compression loads of a vibratory screening machine if the screen assembly is placed under compression as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/460,200 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,984).

The screening members, screening assemblies and parts thereof, including connecting members/fasteners as described herein, may include nanomaterial dispersed therein for improved strength, durability and other benefits associated with the use of a particular nanomaterial or combination of different nanomaterials. Any suitable nanomaterial may be used, including, but not limited to nanotubes, nanofibers and/or elastomeric nanocomposites. The nanomaterial may be dispersed in the screening members and screening assemblies and parts thereof in varying percentages, depending on the desired properties of the end product. For example, specific percentages may be incorporated to increase member strength or to make a screening surface wear resistant. Use of a thermoplastic injection molded material having nanomaterials dispersed therein may provide for increased strength while using less material. Thus, structural members include subgrid framework supports and screen element supporting members may be made smaller and stronger and/or lighter. This is particularly beneficial when fabricating relatively small individual components that are built into a complete screen assembly. Also, instead of producing individual subgrids that clip together, one large grid structure having nanomaterials dispersed therein may be fabricated that is relatively light and strong. Individual screen elements, with or without nanomaterials, may then be attached to the single complete grid framework structure. Use of nanomaterials in a screen element will provide increased strength while reducing the weight and size of the element. This may be especially helpful when injection molding screen elements having extremely small openings as the openings are supported by the surrounding materials/members. Another advantage to incorporating nanomaterials into the screen elements is an improved screening surface that is durable and resistant to wear. Screen surfaces tend to wear out through heavy use and exposure to abrasive materials. Use of a thermoplastic and/or a thermoplastic having abrasive resistant nanomaterials provides a screening surface with a long life.

FIG. 6 shows a subassembly 15 of a row of subgrid units. FIG. 6A is an exploded view of the subassembly in FIG. 6 showing individual subgrids and direction of attachment to each other. The subassembly includes two end subgrid units 14 and three center subgrid units 18. The end subgrid units 14 form the ends of the subassembly while the center subgrid units 18 are used to join the two end subgrid units 14 via connections between the clips 42 and clip apertures 40. The subgrid units shown in FIG. 6 are shown with attached screen elements 16. By fabricating the screen assembly from subgrids and into the subassembly, each subgrid may be constructed to a chosen specification and the screen assembly may be constructed from multiple subgrids in a configuration required for the screening application. The screen assembly may be quickly and simply assembled and will have precise screening capabilities and substantial stability under load pressures. Because of the structure configuration of the grid framework and screen elements 16, the configuration of multiple individual screen elements forming the screening surface of the screen assembly 10 and the fact that the screen elements 16 are thermoplastic injection molded, the openings in screen elements 16 are relatively stable and maintain their opening sizes for optimal screening under various loading conditions, including compression loads and concavity deflections and tensioning.

FIG. 7 shows a screen assembly 10 with binder bars 12 having handles attached to the binder bars 12. The screen assembly is made up of multiple subgrid units secured to each other. The subgrid units have screen elements 16 attached to their top surfaces. FIG. 7A is a cross-section of Section A-A of FIG. 7 showing individual subgrids secured to screen elements forming a screening surface. As reflected in FIG. 7A, the subgrids may have subgrid support members 48 configured such that screen assembly has a slightly concave shape when the subgrid support members 48 are fastened to each other via clips 42 and clip apertures 40. Because the screen assembly is constructed with a slightly concave shape it may be configured to deform to a desired concavity upon application of a compression load without having to guide the screen assembly into a concave shape. Alternatively, the subgrids may be configured to create a slightly convex screen assembly or a substantially flat screen assembly.

FIG. 8 is a top isometric view of a screen assembly partially covered with screen elements 16. This figure shows end subgrid units 14 and center subgrid units 18 secured to form a screen assembly. The screening surface may be completed by attaching screen elements 16 to the uncovered subgrid units shown in the figure. Screen elements 16 may be attached to individual subgrids prior to construction of the grid framework or attached to subgrids after subgrids have been fastened to each other into the grid framework.

FIG. 9 is an exploded isometric view of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 1 . This figure shows eleven subassemblies being secured to each other via clips and clip apertures along subgrid end members of subgrid units in each subassembly. Each subassembly has two end subgrid units 14 and three center subgrid units 18. Binder bars 12 are clipped at each side of the assembly. Different size screen assemblies may be created using different numbers of subassemblies or different numbers of center subgrid units in each subassembly. An assembled screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface made up of multiple screen element screening surfaces.

FIGS. 10 and 10A illustrate attachment of screen elements 16 to end subgrid unit 14, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen elements 16 may be aligned with end subgrid unit 14 via the elongated attachment members 44 and the screen element attachment apertures 24 such that the elongated 20 attachment members 44 pass through the screen element attachment apertures 24 and extend slightly beyond the screen element screening surface. The elongated attachment members 44 may be melted to fill the tapered bores of the screen element attachment apertures 24 or, alternatively, to form beads upon the screen element screening surface, securing the screen element 16 to the subgrid unit 14. Attachment via elongated attachment members 44 and screen element attachment apertures 24 is only one embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, screen element 16 may be secured to end subgrid unit 14 via adhesive, fasteners and fastener apertures, laser welding, etc. Although shown having two screen elements for each subgrid, the present invention includes alternate configurations of one screen element per subgrid, multiple screen elements per subgrid, one screen element per subgrid opening, or having a single screen element cover multiple subgrids. The end subgrid 14 may be substantially rigid and may be formed as a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

FIG. 10B is a top view of the end subgrid unit shown in FIG. 10A with screen elements 16 secured to the end subgrid. FIG. 10C is an enlarged cross-section of Section B-B of the end subgrid unit in FIG. 10B. Screen element 16 is placed upon the end subgrid unit such that elongated attachment member 44 passes through the attachment aperture and beyond a screening surface of the screen element. The portion of the elongated attachment member 44 passing through the attachment aperture and beyond the screening surface of the screen element may be melted to attach the screen element 16 to the end subgrid unit as described above.

FIG. 11 and FIG. 11A illustrate attachment of screen elements 16 to center subgrid unit 18, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen elements 16 may be aligned with center subgrid unit 18 via the elongated attachment members 44 and the screen element attachment apertures 24 such that the elongated attachment members 44 pass through the screen element attachment apertures 24 and extend slightly beyond the screen element screening surface. The elongated attachment members 44 may be melted to fill the tapered bores of the screen element attachment apertures 24 or, alternatively, to form beads upon the screen element screening surface, securing the screen element 16 to center subgrid unit 18. Attachment via elongated attachment members 44 and screen element attachment apertures 24 is only one embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, screen element 16 may be secured to center subgrid unit 14 via adhesive, fasteners and fastener apertures, etc. Although shown having two screen elements for each subgrid, the present invention includes alternate configurations of one screen element per subgrid, one screen element per subgrid opening, multiple screen elements per subgrid, or having a single screen element cover multiple subgrid units. The center subgrid unit 18 may be substantially rigid and may be a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

FIGS. 12 and 12A show screen assemblies 10 installed on a vibratory screening machine having two screening surfaces. The vibratory screening machine may have compression assemblies on side members of the vibratory screening machine, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394. A compression force may be applied to a binder bar or a side member of the screen assembly such that the screen assembly deflects downward into a concave shape. A bottom side of the screen assembly may mate with a screen assembly mating surface of the vibratory screening machine as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/460,200 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,984). The vibratory screening machine may include a center wall member configured to receive a binder bar of a side member of the screen assembly opposite of the side member of the screen assembly receiving compression. The center wall member may be angled such that a compression force against the screen assembly deflects the screen assembly downward. The screen assembly may be installed in the vibratory screening machine such that it is configured to receive material for screening. The screen assembly may include guide notches configured to mate with guides of the vibratory screening machine such that the screen assembly may be guided into place during installation and may include guide assembly configurations as shown in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/460,200 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,984).

FIG. 12B is a front view of the vibratory screening machine shown in FIG. 12 . FIG. 12B shows screen assemblies 10 installed upon the vibratory screening machine with compression applied to deflect the screen assemblies downward into a concave shape. Alternatively, the screen assembly may be pre-formed in a predetermined concave shape without compression force.

FIGS. 13 and 13A show installations of screen assembly 10 in a vibratory screening machine having a single screening surface. The vibratory screening machine may have a compression assembly on a side member of the vibratory screening machine. Screen assembly 10 may be placed into the vibratory screening machine as shown. A compression force may be applied to a binder bar or side member of the screen assembly such that the screen assembly deflects downward into a concave shape. A bottom side of the screen assembly may mate with a screen assembly mating surface of the vibratory screening machine as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/460,200 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,984). The vibratory screening machine may include a side member wall opposite of the compression assembly configured to receive a binder bar or a side member of the screen assembly. The side member wall may be angled such that a compression force against the screen assembly deflects the screen assembly downward. The screen assembly may be installed in the vibratory screening machine such that it is configured to receive material for screening. The screen assembly may include guide notches configured to mate with guides of the vibratory screening machine such that the screen assembly may be guided into place during installation.

FIG. 14 is a front view of screen assemblies 52 installed upon a vibratory screening machine having two screening surfaces, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen assembly 52 is an alternate embodiment where the screen assembly has been pre-formed to fit into the vibratory screening machine without applying a load to the screen assembly, i.e., screen assembly 52 includes a bottom portion 52A that is formed such that it mates with a bed 83 of the vibratory screening machine. The bottom portion 52A may be formed integrally with screen assembly 52 or maybe a separate piece. Screen assembly 52 includes similar features as screen assembly 10, including subgrids and screen elements but also includes bottom portion 52A that allows it to fit onto bed 83 without being compressed into a concave shape. A screening surface of screen assembly 52 may be substantially flat, concave or convex. Screen assembly 52 may be held into place by applying a compression force to a side member of screen assembly 52. A bottom portion of screen assembly 52 may be pre-formed to mate with any type of mating surface of a vibratory screening machine.

FIG. 15 is a front view of screen assembly 53 installed upon a vibratory screening machine having a single screening surface, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen assembly 53 has similar features of screen assembly 52 described above, including a bottom portion 53A that is formed such that it mates with a bed 87 of the vibratory screening machine.

FIG. 16 shows an end support frame subassembly and FIG. 16A shows an exploded view of the end support frame subassembly shown in FIG. 16 . The end support frame subassembly shown in FIG. 16 incorporates eleven end subgrid units 14. Alternate configurations having more or less end subgrid units may be utilized. The end subgrid units 14 are secured to each other via clips 42 and clip apertures 40 alongside members of the end subgrid units 14. FIG. 16A shows attachment of individual end subgrid units such that the end support frame subassembly is created. As shown, the end support frame subassembly is covered in screen elements 16. Alternatively, the end support frame subassembly may be constructed from end subgrids prior to attachment of screen elements or partially from pre-covered subgrid units and partially from uncovered subgrid units.

FIG. 17 shows a center support frame assembly and FIG. 17A shows an exploded view of the center support frame subassembly shown in FIG. 17 . The center support frame assembly shown in FIG. 17 incorporates eleven center subgrid units 18. Alternate configurations having more or less center subgrid units may be utilized. The center subgrid units 18 are secured to each other via clips 42 and clip apertures 40 alongside members of the center subgrid units 18. FIG. 17A shows attachment of individual center subgrid units such that the center support frame subassembly is created. As shown, the center support frame subassembly is covered in screen elements 16. Alternatively, the center support frame subassembly may be constructed from center subgrids prior to attachment of screen elements or partially from pre-covered subgrid units and partially from uncovered subgrid units.

FIG. 18 shows an exploded view of a screen assembly having three center support frame subassemblies and two end support frame subassemblies. The support frame assemblies are secured to each other via the clips 42 and clip apertures 40 on the subgrid end members. Each center subgrid unit is attached to two other subgrid units via end members. End members 36 of end subgrid units having no clips 42 or clip apertures 40 form the end edges of the screen assembly. The screen assembly may be made with more or less center support frames subassemblies or larger or smaller frame subassemblies. Binder bars may be added to side edges of the screen assembly. As shown, the screen assembly has screen elements installed upon the subgrid units prior to assembly. Alternatively, screen elements 16 may be installed after all or a portion of assembly.

FIG. 19 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure where screen assembly 54 is substantially flat. Screen assembly 54 may be flexible such that it can be deformed into a concave or convex shape or may be substantially rigid. Screen assembly 54 may be used with a flat screening surface. See FIG. 39 . As shown, screen assembly 54 has binder bars 12 attached to side portions of the screen assembly 54. Screen assembly 54 may be configured with the various embodiments of the grid structures and screen elements described herein.

FIG. 20 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure wherein screen assembly 56 is convex. Screen assembly 56 may be flexible such that it can be deformed into a more convex shape or may be substantially rigid. As shown, screen assembly 56 has binder bars 12 attached to side portions of the screen assembly. Screen assembly 56 may be configured with the various embodiments of the grid structures and screen elements described herein.

In alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, screen assembly 410 is provided having screen elements 416, center subgrid units 418, and end subgrid units 414. See, e.g., FIG. 47 . Screen element 416 may be thermoplastic injection molded and may include all of the features of screen element 16 provided above. Screen element 416 may be incorporated into any of the screen assemblies disclosed herein (e.g., screen assemblies 10 and 52-54, illustrated in FIGS. 1, 14, 15, and 19 , respectively) and is interchangeable with screen element 16. Screen element 416 may include location apertures 424, which may be located at a center of screen element 416 and at 10 each of the four corners of screen element 416. See, e.g., FIGS. 48 and 48A. More or less location apertures 424 may be provided on screen element 416 and multiple configurations may be provided. The location apertures 424 may be substantially the same as attachment apertures 24 and may be utilized to locate the screen element 416 on a subgrid. Alternatively, screen element 416 may be located without location apertures 424. Screen element 416 may include a plurality of tapered counter bores 470, which may facilitate extraction of screen element 416 from a mold, which mold may have ejector pins configured to push the screen element out of the mold. See, e.g., FIGS. 48 and 48A.

On a bottom side of screen element 416, a first adhesion arrangement may be incorporated, which may be a plurality of extensions, cavities or a combination of extensions and cavities. The first adhesion arrangement of screen element 416 may be configured to mate with a complementary second adhesion arrangement on a top surface of a subgrid unit. For example, in FIGS. 48B and 48C a plurality of cavity pockets 472 are provided. The plurality of cavity pockets 472 may be arranged along end portions 20 and side portions 22 between the location apertures 424. Additional cavity pockets 272 may be arranged along all or a portion of first support screen element member 28 and along all or a portion of second screen element support member 30. Although shown as elongated cavities, cavity pockets 472 may have a variety of configurations, sizes, and depths. Moreover, the first adhesion arrangement on screen element 416 may be extensions rather than cavities. The first adhesion arrangement of screen element 416 may be configured to mate with a complimentary second adhesion arrangement on a subgrid unit such that a portion of screen element 416 overlaps at least a portion the subgrid unit regardless of whether the screen element 416 or the subgrid unit has extensions or cavities.

End subgrid unit 414 and center subgrid unit 418 may be incorporated into screen assembly 410. See, e.g., FIGS. 49, 49A, 50, and 50A. End subgrid unit 414 and center subgrid unit 418 may be thermoplastic injection molded and may include all of the features of end subgrid unit 14 and center subgrid unit 18 discussed above. End subgrid unit 414 and center subgrid unit 418 may be interchangeably used wherever end subgrid unit 14 and center subgrid unit 18 are indicated. End subgrid unit 414 and center subgrid unit 418 may have a plurality elongated location members 444, which may be substantially the same as attachment members 44. The arrangement of location members 444 may correspond to the location apertures 424 of screen elements 416 such that screen elements 416 may be located onto end subgrid unit 414 and center subgrid unit 418 for attachment.

End subgrid unit 414 and center subgrid unit 418 may include a second adhesion arrangement on a top surface of each of end subgrid unit 414 and center subgrid unit 418, which second adhesion arrangement may be complimentary to the first adhesion arrangement of screen element 416 such that the screen element may be mated to a subgrid unit via the mating of the first and second adhesion arrangements. In one embodiment of the present invention, the second adhesion arrangement may be a plurality of fusion bars 476 arranged along a top surface of subgrid side members 38 and subgrid end members 36. End subgrid unit 414 and center subgrid unit 418 may also include a plurality of fusion bars 478, which may be shortened fusion bars having heights less than heights of fusion bars 476, arranged along a top surface of first subgrid support member 46 and second subgrid support member 48. See, e.g., FIGS. 49 to 50A. Although shown as elongated extensions, fusion bars 476 (and 478) may be various shapes and sizes and may be arranged in a variety of configurations. Alternatively, the second adhesion arrangement may be cavities, pockets, or similar and may be configured to receive extensions from a screen element. The second adhesion arrangement could include both extensions and cavities.

Each of the plurality of cavity pockets 472 is configured to receive fusion bars 476 and shorted fusion bars 478 arranged on subgrids (414, 418, 458, and 460). See, e.g., FIGS. 45A to 45E and 46 . As shown in FIGS. 45B to 45E, fusion bars 476 fit within the plurality of cavity pockets 472 when screen element 416 is placed upon a subgrid. Cavity pockets 472 may have a width C that is slightly larger than width D of fusion bar 476. Cavity pocket 472 may have a depth A that is slightly smaller than a height B of fusion bar 476. See, e.g., FIG. 47 . Height B of fusion bar 476 may be approximately 0.056 inches. Prior to melting of fusion bars 476, screen element 416 may rest upon fusion bars 476 without contacting the rest of a subgrid. Screen element 416 and the subgrids may be bonded together via laser welding. Bonding may be accomplished through chemical bonding between the cavity pockets 472 and the fusion bars (476 or 478) or melting portions of the materials of each component such that the components harden together. In one embodiment, when screen element 416 is located on a subgrid, fusion bar 476 (or shortened fusion bar 478) may be melted, allowing for a melted portion of the fusion bar 476 to fill all or a portion of width C of the cavity pocket 472. In certain embodiments approximately 0.006 inches of fusion bar 476 may be melted and allowed to fill all or a portion of the width of cavity pocket 472. Melting of fusion bar 476 may be performed via laser welding, which may secure screen element 416 to a subgrid. A laser 500 may be configured and controlled to reach a specific depth of fusion bar 476.

Fusion bars 476 (or shortened fusion bars 478) may include carbon, graphite or other materials configured to respond to a specific laser wavelength. The fusion bars may be further configured to correspond to a laser to be used for laser welding. Fusion bars may have specific lengths to correspond to a laser 500. Although shown as elongated protrusions, other shapes and/or designs may be incorporated for fusion bars subject to the requirements of a chosen laser. In embodiments having fusion bars on subgrids, screen elements 416 typically do not include carbon or graphite. Screen element 416 and the fusion bars may be made of different materials such that a selected laser 500 may travel through screen element 416 without melting screen element 416 and contact the fusion bars. See, e.g., FIGS. 45B and C. Screen element 416 may be made of a TPU or similar material having performance properties desired for a screening application. Screen element 416 may be substantially clear. Subgrids (414 and 418) may be made from nylon or similar materials. The fusion bars may have a higher melting point than the material of screen element 416 such that, when the fusion bars are melted, a portion of the screen element 416 also melts, which may be accomplished by heat transfer from the melted portion of fusion bar 476 that contacts screen element 416 in the cavity pocket 472. In this way, screen element 416 is welded to a subgrid. See, e.g., FIGS. 51, 51A, 52, and 52A.

Laser welding is typically performed by focusing a laser beam toward a seam or area to transform material from a solid to a liquid, and after removal of the laser beam, the material return to a solid. Laser welding is a type of fusion welding and can be performed through conduction or penetration. Conduction welding relies upon conductivity of the material being welded to generate heat and melt the material. Laser welding of screen element 416 to a subgrid having fusion bars provides for laser welding of two different materials together. Typically, this cannot be accomplished with laser welding; however, applying the laser 500 through the screen element 416 to the fusion bars, which have conductive properties to generate heat upon the application of the selected laser 500, may cause the fusion bars (476 or 478) to melt. Similarly, the heat produced by the conduction and/or from the melted fusion bar material causes a portion of the screen element to melt. The two liquid materials combine and create a strong solid attachment between the subgrid and the screen element when the laser is removed, and the combined materials return to a solid. By forming laser welded bonds between the screen element and the subgrids, the attachment between the components is very strong, which is essential for components of screen assemblies used in vibratory screening machines. The screen assemblies can be subjected to vibratory forces in excess of 8 G, abrasive materials and chemicals, and very high load requirements. Therefore, screen assemblies must be very strong and durable. Embodiments of the present invention provide screen assemblies made from multiple parts secured together. Creating screen assemblies from smaller subparts allows for micro injection molding of screen elements with very small openings, e.g. having a thickness of approximately 43 microns to approximately 1000 microns. The strength of the laser welding adds overall strength to the screen assemblies, allowing for the benefits of micro injection molding the screen elements while maintaining durable screen assemblies. Laser welding also provides a more efficient attachment procedure than other attachment procedures such as heat staking. In certain embodiments, laser welding may be accomplished in approximately 8 to 10 seconds where heat staking involving other embodiments may require approximately 1.5 minutes.

End subgrid unit 414 (or 14) and center subgrid unit 418 (or 18) may include secondary support framework 488 spanning across grid openings 50. Secondary support framework 488 may span all or only a portion of a grid opening 50. Secondary support framework 488 increases the strength and durability of end subgrid unit 414 (or 14) and center subgrid unit 418 (or 18). Secondary support framework 488 increases the overall strength of screen assembly 410 allowing it to withstand vibratory forces in excess of 8 G.

FIGS. 21 and 21A show an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure incorporating pyramidal shaped subgrid units. A screen assembly is shown with binder bars 12 attached. The screen assembly incorporates center and end subgrid units 14 and 18 (or 414 and 418) and center and end pyramidal shaped subgrid units 58 and 60 (or 458 and 460). By incorporating the pyramidal shaped subgrid units 58 and 60 into the screen assembly, an increased screening surface may be achieved. Additionally, material being screened may be controlled and directed. The screen assembly may be concave, convex, or flat. The screen assembly may be flexible and may be deformed into a concave or convex shape upon the application of a compression force. The screen assembly may include guide notches capable of mating with guide mating surfaces on a vibratory screening machine. Different configurations of subgrid units and pyramid subgrid units may be employed which may increase or decrease an amount of screening surface area and flow characteristics of the material being processed. Unlike mesh screens or similar technology, which may incorporate corrugations or other manipulations to increase surface area, the screen assembly shown is supported by the grid framework, which may be substantially rigid and capable of withstanding substantial loads without damage or destruction. Under heavy material flows, traditional screen assemblies with corrugated screening surfaces are frequently flattened or damaged by the weight of the material, thereby impacting the performance and reducing the screening surface area of such screen assemblies. The screen assemblies disclosed herein are difficult to damage because of the strength of the grid framework, and the benefits of increased surface area provided by incorporating pyramidal shaped subgrids may be maintained under substantial loads.

A pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58 is illustrated in FIG. 22 and FIG. 22A. Pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58 includes a first and a second grid framework forming first and second sloped surface grid openings 74. Pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58 includes a ridge portion 66, subgrid side members/base members 64, and first and second angular surfaces 70 and 72, respectively, that peak at ridge portion 66 and extend downwardly to side member 64. Pyramidal shaped subgrids 58 and 60 have triangular end members 62 and triangular middle support members 76. Angles shown for first and second angular surface 70 and 72 are exemplary only. Different angles may be employed to increase or decrease surface area of screening surface. Pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58 has fasteners alongside members 64 and at least one triangle end member 62. The fasteners may be clips 42 and clip apertures 40 such that multiple subgrid units 58 may be secured together. Alternatively, the clips 42 and clip apertures 40 may be used to secure pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58 to end subgrid 14, center subgrid 18, or pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60. Elongated attachment members 44 may be configured on first and second sloped surfaces 70 and 72 such that they mate with the screen element attachment apertures 24. Screen element 16 may be secured to pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58 via mating elongated attachment members 44 with the screen element attachment apertures 24. A portion of the elongated attachment member 44 may extend slightly above the screen element screening surface when the screen element 16 is attached to pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58. The screen element attachment apertures 24 may include a tapered bore such that a portion of the elongated attachment members 44 extending above the screen element screening surface may be melted and fill the tapered bore. Alternatively, the screen element attachment apertures 24 may be without a tapered bore and the portion of the elongated attachment members extending above the screening surface of the screening element 16 may be melted to form a bead on the screening surface. Once attached, screen element 16 may span first 74 and second sloped grid openings. Materials passing through the screening openings 86 will pass through the first 74 and second grid openings.

A pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 is illustrated in FIG. 23 and FIG. 23A. Pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 includes a first and a second grid framework forming a first and second sloped surface grid opening, 74. Pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 includes a ridge portion 66, a subgrid side members/base members 64, and first and second angular surfaces 70 and 72 that peak at the ridge portion 66 and extend downwardly to the side member 64. Pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 has triangular end members 62 and triangular middle members 76. Angles shown for first and second angular surface 70 and 72 are exemplary only. Different angles may be employed to increase or decrease surface area of screening surface. The pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 has fasteners alongside members 64 and both triangle end members 62. The fasters may be clips 42 and clip apertures 40 such that multiple pyramidal shaped center subgrids 60 may be secured together. Alternatively, the clips 42 and clip apertures 40 may be used to secure pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 to end subgrid 14, center subgrid 18, or pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58. Elongated attachment members 44 may be configured on first and second sloped surfaces 70 and 72 such that they mate with the screen element attachment apertures 24. Screen element 16 may be secured to pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 via mating elongated attachment members 44 with the screen element attachment apertures 24. A portion of the elongated attachment member 44 may extend slightly above the screen element screening surface when the screen element 16 is attached to pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60. The screen element attachment apertures 24 may include a tapered bore such that the portion of the elongated attachment members 44 extending above the screen element screening surface may be melted and fill the tapered bore. Alternatively, the screen element attachment apertures 24 may be without a tapered bore and the portion of the elongated attachment members extending above the screening surface of the screening element 16 may be melted to form a bead on the screening surface. Once attached, screen element 16 will span sloped grid opening 74. Materials passing through the screening openings 86 will pass through the grid opening 74. While pyramid and flat shaped grid structures are shown, it will be appreciated that various shaped subgrids and corresponding screen elements may be fabricated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 shows a subassembly of a row of pyramidal shaped subgrid units. FIG. 24A is an exploded view of the subassembly in FIG. 24 showing the individual pyramidal shaped subgrids and direction of attachment. The subassembly includes two pyramidal shaped end subgrids 58 and three pyramidal shaped center subgrids 60. The pyramidal shaped end subgrids 58 form ends of the subassembly while pyramidal shaped center subgrids 60 are used to join the two end subgrids 58 via connections between the clips 42 and clip apertures 40. The pyramidal subgrids shown in FIG. 24 are shown with attached screen elements 16. Alternatively, the subassembly may be constructed from subgrids prior to attachment of screen elements or partially from pre-covered pyramidal shaped subgrid units and partially from uncovered pyramidal shaped subgrid units.

FIGS. 24B and 24C illustrate attachment of screen elements 16 to pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen elements 16 may be aligned with pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58 via elongated attachment members 44 and screen element attachment apertures 24 such that the elongated attachment members 44 pass through the screen element attachment apertures 24 may extend slightly beyond the screen element screening surface. The portion of elongated attachment members 44 extending beyond screen element screening surface may be melted to fill tapered bores of the screen element attachment apertures 24 or, alternatively, to form beads upon the screen element screening surface, securing the screen element 16 to pyramidal shaped subgrid 58. Attachment via elongated attachment members 44 and screen element attachment apertures 24 is only one embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, screen element 16 may be secured to pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58 via adhesive, fasteners and fastener apertures, etc. Although shown having four screen elements for each pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58, the present invention includes alternate configurations of two screen elements per pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58, multiple screen elements per pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58, or having a single screen element cover a sloped surface of multiple pyramidal shaped subgrid units. Pyramidal shaped end subgrid 58 may be substantially rigid and may be a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

FIGS. 24D and 24E illustrate attachment of screen elements 16 to pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen elements 16 may be aligned with pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 via elongated attachment members 44 and screen element attachment apertures 24 such that the elongated attachment members 44 may pass through the screen element attachment apertures 24 and may extend slightly beyond the screen element screening surface. The portion of the elongated attachment members 44 extending beyond screen element screening surface may be melted to fill tapered bores of the screen element attachment apertures 24 or, alternatively, to form beads upon the screen element screening surface, securing the screen element 16 to pyramidal shaped subgrid unit 60. Attachment via elongated attachment members 44 and screen element attachment apertures 24 is only one embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, screen element 16 may be secured to pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 via adhesive, fasteners and fastener apertures, etc. Although shown having four screen elements for each pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60, the present invention includes alternate configurations of two screen elements per pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60, multiple screen elements per pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60, or having a single screen element cover a sloped surface of multiple pyramidal shaped subgrids. Pyramidal shaped center subgrid 60 may be substantially rigid and may be a single thermoplastic injection molded piece. While pyramid and flat shaped grid structures are shown, it will be appreciated that various shaped subgrids and corresponding screen elements may be fabricated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIGS. 53 to 56A show end and center pyramidal shaped subgrids 458 and 460, respectively, according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. End and center pyramidal shaped subgrids 458 and 460 may be thermoplastic injection molded and may have all of the features of end and center pyramidal shaped subgrids 58 and 60 discussed herein above. As with end subgrid unit 414 and center subgrid unit 418, end and center pyramidal shaped subgrids 458 and 460 may have location members 444 corresponding to the location apertures 424 of screen element 416 such that screen elements 416 may be located onto end and center pyramidal shaped subgrids 458 and 460 for attachment. End and center pyramidal shaped subgrids 458 and 460 may have second adhesion arrangements such as a plurality of fusion bars 476 and shorted fusion bars 478. The second adhesion arrangements may be configured to mate with complimentary first adhesion arrangements on screen elements 416 such as a plurality of pocket cavities. Screen elements 416 may be laser welded to the pyramidal subgrids. End and center pyramidal shaped subgrids 458 and 460 may include secondary support framework 488 spanning across grid openings 74. Secondary support framework 488 may span all or only a portion of a grid opening 74. Secondary support framework 488 increases the strength and durability of end and center pyramidal shaped subgrids 458 and 460. End and center pyramidal shaped subgrids 458 and 460 may include a flattened ridge portion 465 and may have fixture locators 490 in ridge 66. See, e.g., FIG. 53 . Flattened ridge portion 465 may allow for easier molding than rounded or pointed embodiments and may allow for easier release and/or extraction of the subgrids from molds. Embodiments may include one or more fixture locators 490 which may be utilized in alignment and/or assembly during laser welding. Fixtures may engage subgrids at fixture locators 490 allowing for alignment of laser welding. Flattened ridge portion 465 may provide easier engagement of the fixture locators 490.

FIG. 25 is a top view of a screen assembly 80 having pyramidal shaped subgrids, which may be any of subgrids 14, 18, 414, and 418. As shown, the screen assembly 80 is formed from screen subassemblies attached to each other alternating from flat subassemblies to pyramidal shaped subassemblies. Alternatively, pyramidal shaped subassemblies may be attached to each other or less or more pyramidal shaped subassemblies may be used. FIG. 25A is a cross-section of Section C-C of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 25 . As shown, the screen assembly has five rows of pyramidal shaped subgrid units and six rows of flat subgrids, with the rows of flat subgrid units in between each row of the pyramidal shaped subgrids. Binder bars 12 are attached to the screen assembly. Any combination of flat subgrid rows and pyramidal shaped subgrid rows may be utilized. FIG. 25B is a larger view of the cross-section shown in FIG. 25A. In FIG. 25B, attachment of each subgrid to another subgrid and/or binder bar 12 is visible via clips and clip apertures.

FIG. 26 is an exploded isometric view of a screen assembly having pyramidal shaped subgrid units. This figure shows eleven subassemblies being secured to each other via clips and clip apertures along subgrid side members of subgrid units in each subassembly. Each flat subassembly has two end subgrids (14 or 414) and three center subgrids (18 or 418). Each pyramidal shaped subassembly has two pyramidal shaped end subgrids (58 or 458) and three pyramidal shaped center subgrids (60 or 460). Binder bars 12 are fastened at each end of the assembly. Different size screen assemblies may be created using different numbers of subassemblies or different numbers of center subgrid units. Screening surface area may be increased by incorporating more pyramidal shaped subassemblies or decreased by incorporating more flat assemblies. An assembled screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface made up of multiple screen element screening surfaces.

FIG. 27 shows installation of screen assemblies 80 upon a vibratory screening machine having two screening surfaces. FIG. 30 is a front view of the vibratory machine shown in FIG. 27 . The vibratory screening machine may have compression assemblies on side members of the vibratory screening machine. The screen assemblies may be placed into the vibratory screening machine as shown. A compression force may be applied to a side member of the screen assembly such that the screen assembly deflects downward into a concave shape. A bottom side of the screen assembly may mate with a screen assembly mating surface of the vibratory screening machine as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/460,200 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,984). The vibratory screening machine may include a center wall member configured to receive a side member of the screen assembly opposite of the side member of the screen assembly receiving compression. The center wall member may be angled such that a compression force against the screen assembly deflects the screen assembly downward. The screen assembly may be installed in the vibratory screening machine such that it is configured to receive material for screening. The screen assembly may include guide notches configured to mate with guides of the vibratory screening machine such that the screen assembly may be guided into place during installation.

FIG. 28 shows an isometric view of a screen assembly having pyramidal shaped subgrids where screen elements have not been attached. The screen assembly shown in FIG. 28 has a slightly concave shape; however, the screen assembly may be more concave, convex, or flat. The screen assembly may be made from multiple subassemblies, which may be any combination of flat subassemblies and pyramidal shaped subassemblies. As shown, eleven subassemblies are included, however, greater or fewer subassemblies may be included. The screen assembly is shown without screen elements 16 (or 416). The subgrids may be assembled together before or after attachment of screen elements to subgrids or any combination of subgrids having attached screen elements and subgrids without screen elements may be fastened together. FIG. 29 shows the screen assembly of FIG. 28 partially covered in screen elements. Pyramidal shaped subassemblies include pyramidal shaped end subgrids 58 and pyramidal shaped center subgrids 60. Flat subassemblies include flat end subgrids 14 and flat center subgrids 18. The subgrid units may be secured to each other via clips and clip apertures.

FIG. 31 shows installation of screen assembly 81 in a vibratory screening machine having a single screening surface, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen assembly 81 is similar in configuration to screen assembly 80 but includes additional pyramid and flat assemblies. The vibratory screening machine may have a compression assembly on a side member of the vibratory screening machine. Screen assembly 81 may be placed into the vibratory screening machine as shown. A compression force may be applied to a side member of screen assembly 81 such that screen assembly 81 deflects downward into a concave shape. A bottom side of the screen assembly may mate with a screen assembly mating surface of the vibratory screening machine as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/460,200 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,984). The vibratory screening machine may include a side member wall opposite of the compression assembly configured to receive a side member of the screen assembly. The side member wall may be angled such that a compression force against the screen assembly deflects the screen assembly downward. The screen assembly may be installed in the vibratory screening machine such that it is configured to receive material for screening. The screen assembly may include guide notches configured to mate with guides of the vibratory screening machine such that the screen assembly may be guided into place during installation.

FIG. 32 is a front view of screen assemblies 82 installed upon a vibratory screening machine having two screening surfaces, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen assembly 82 is an alternate embodiment where the screen assembly has been pre-formed to fit into the vibratory screening machine without applying a load to the screen assembly, i.e., screen assembly 82 includes a bottom portion 82A that is formed such that it mates with a bed 83 of the vibratory screening machine. The bottom portion 82A may be formed integrally with screen assembly 82 or it may be a separate piece. Screen assembly 82 includes similar features as screen assembly 80, including subgrids and screen elements but also includes bottom portion 82A that allows it to fit onto bed 83 without being compressed into a concave shape. A screening surface of screen assembly 82 may be substantially flat, concave or convex. Screen assembly 82 may be held into place by applying a compression force to a side member of screen assembly 82 or may simply be held in place. A bottom portion of screen assembly 82 may be pre-formed to mate with any type of mating surface of a vibratory screening machine.

FIG. 33 is a front view of screen assembly 85 installed upon a vibratory screening machine having a single screening surface, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen assembly 85 is an alternate embodiment where the screen assembly has been pre-formed to fit into the vibratory screening machine without applying a load to the screen assembly i.e., screen assembly 85 includes a bottom portion 85A that is formed such that it mates with a bed 87 of the vibratory screening machine. The bottom portion 85A may be formed integrally with screen assembly 85 or it may be a separate piece. Screen assembly 85 includes similar features as screen assembly 80, including subgrids and screen elements but also includes bottom portion 85A that allows it to fit onto bed 87 without being compressed into a concave shape. A screening surface of screen assembly 85 may be substantially flat, concave or convex. Screen assembly 85 may be held into place by applying a compression force to a side member of screen assembly 85 or may simply be held in place. A bottom portion of screen assembly 85 may be pre-formed to mate with any type of mating surface of a vibratory screening machine.

FIG. 34 is an isometric view of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 3 having a single screen element partially attached thereto. FIG. 35 is an enlarged view of break out section E of the end subgrid shown in FIG. 34 . In FIGS. 34 and 35 , screen element 16 is partially attached to end subgrid 38. Screen element 16 is aligned with subgrid 38 via elongated attachment members 44 and screen element attachment apertures 24 such that the elongated attachment members 44 pass through the screen element attachment apertures 24 and extend slightly beyond the screen element screening surface. As shown along the end edge portion of screen element 16, the portions of the elongated attachment members 44 extending beyond screen element screening surface are melted to form beads upon the screen element screening surface, securing the screen element 16 to end subgrid unit 38.

FIG. 36 shows a slightly concave screen assembly 91 having pyramidal shaped subgrids incorporated into a portion of screen assembly 91 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. A screening surface of the screen assembly may be substantially flat, concave or convex. The screen assembly 91 may be configured to deflect to a predetermined shape under a compression force. The screen assembly 91, as shown in FIG. 36 , incorporates pyramidal shaped subgrids in the portion of the screen assembly installed nearest the inflow of material on the vibratory screening machine. The portion incorporating the pyramidal shaped subgrids allows for increased screening surface area and directed material flow. A portion of the screen assembly installed nearest a discharge end of the vibratory screening machine incorporates flat subgrids. On the flat portion, an area may be provided such that material may be allowed to dry and/or cake on the screen assembly. Various combinations of flat and pyramidal subgrids may be included in the screen assembly depending on the configuration desired and/or the particular screening application. Further, vibratory screening machines that use multiple screen assemblies may have individual screen assemblies with varying configurations designed for use together on specific applications. For example, screen assembly 91 may be used with other screen assemblies such that it is positioned near the discharge end of a vibratory screening machine such that it provides for caking and/or drying of a material.

FIG. 37 is a flow chart showing steps to fabricate a screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 37 , a screen fabricator may receive screen assembly performance specifications for the screen assembly. The specifications may include at least one of a material requirement, open screening area, capacity and a cut point for a screen assembly. The fabricator may then determine a screening opening requirement (shape and size) for a screen element as described herein. The fabricator may then determine a screen configuration (e.g., size of assembly, shape and configuration of screening surface, etc.). For example, the fabricator may have the screen elements arranged in at least one of a flat configuration and a non-flat configuration. A flat configuration may be constructed from center subgrids (18 or 418) and end subgrids (14 or 414). A non-flat configuration may include at least a portion of pyramidal shaped center subgrids (60 or 460) and/or pyramidal shaped end subgrids (58 or 458). Screen elements may be injection molded. Subgrid units may also be injection molded but are not required to be injection molded. Screen elements and subgrids may include a nanomaterial, as described herein, dispersed within. After both screen elements and subgrid units have been created, screen elements may be attached to subgrid units. The screen elements and subgrids may be attached together using connection materials having a nanomaterial dispersed within. Screen elements may be attached to subgrids using laser welding. Multiple subgrid units may be attached together forming support frames. Center support frames are formed from center subgrids and end support frames are formed from end subgrids. Pyramidal shaped support frames may be created from pyramidal shaped subgrid units. Support frames may be attached such that center support frames are in a center portion of the screen assembly and end support frames are on an end portion of the screen assembly. Binder bars may be attached to the screen assembly. Different screening surface areas may be accomplished by altering the number of pyramidal shaped subgrids incorporated into the screen assembly. Alternatively, screen elements may be attached to subgrid units after attachment of multiple subgrids together or after attachment of multiple support frames together. Instead of multiple independent subgrids that are attached together to form a single unit, one subgrid structure may be fabricated that is the desired size of the screen assembly. Individual screen elements may then be attached to the one subgrid structure.

FIG. 38 is a flow chart showing steps to fabricate a screen assembly, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. A thermoplastic screen element may be injection molded. Subgrids may be fabricated such that they are configured to receive the screen elements. Screen elements may be attached to subgrids and multiple subgrid assemblies may be attached, forming a screening surface. Alternatively, the subgrids may be attached to each other prior to attachment of screen elements.

In another exemplary embodiment, a method for screening a material is provided, including attaching a screen assembly to a vibratory screening machine and forming a top screening surface of the screen assembly into a concave shape, wherein the screen assembly includes a screen element having a series of screening openings forming a screen element screening surface and a subgrid including multiple elongated structural members forming a grid framework having grid openings. The screen elements span grid openings and are secured to a top surface of the subgrid. Multiple subgrids are secured together to form the screen assembly and the screen assembly has a continuous screen assembly screening surface comprised of multiple screen element screening surfaces. The screen element is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece.

FIG. 39 is an isometric view of a vibratory screening machine having a single screen assembly 89 with a flat screening surface installed thereon with a portion of the vibratory machine cut away showing the screen assembly. Screen assembly 89 is a single unit that includes a subgrid structure and screen elements as described herein. The subgrid structure may be one single unit or may be multiple subgrids attached together. While screen assembly 89 is shown as a generally flat type assembly, it may be convex or concave and may be configured to be deformed into a concave shape from a compression assembly or the like. It may also be configured to be tensioned from above or below or may be configured in another manner for attachment to different types of vibratory screening machines. While the embodiment of the screen assembly shown covers the entire screening bed of the vibratory screening machine, screen assembly 89 may also be configured in any shape or size desired and may cover only a portion of the screening bed.

FIG. 40 is an isometric view of a screen element 99 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Screen element 99 is substantially triangular in shape. Screen element 99 is a single thermoplastic injection molded piece and has similar features (including screening opening sizes) as screen elements 16 and 416 as described herein. Alternatively, the screen element may be rectangular, circular, triangular, square, etc. Any shape may be used for the screen element and any shape may be used for the subgrid as long as the subgrid has grid openings that correspond to the shapes of the screen elements.

FIGS. 40A and 40B show screen element structure 101, which may be a subgrid type structure, with screen elements 99 attached thereto forming a pyramid shape. In an alternative embodiment the complete pyramid structure of screen element structure 101 may be thermoplastic injection molded as a single screen element having a pyramid shape. In the configuration shown, the screen element structure has four triangular screen element screening surfaces. The bases of two of the triangular screening surfaces begin at the two side members of the screen element and the bases of the other two triangular screening surfaces begin at the two end members of the screen element. The screening surfaces all slope upward to a center point above the screen element end members and side members. The angle of the sloped screening surfaces may be varied. Screen element structure 101 (or alternatively single screen element pyramids) may be attached to a subgrid structure as described herein.

FIGS. 40C and 40D show a screen element structures 105 with screen elements 99 attached and having a pyramidal shape dropping below side members and edge members of the screen element structure 105. Alternatively, the entire pyramid may be thermoplastic injection molded as a single pyramid shaped screen element. In the configuration shown, individual screen elements 99 form four triangular screening surfaces. The bases of two of the triangular screening surfaces begin at the two side members of the screen element and the bases of the other two triangular screening surfaces begin at the two end members of the screen element. The screening surfaces all slope downward to a center point below the screen element end members and side members. The angle of the sloped screening surfaces may be varied. Screen element structure 105 (or alternatively single screen element pyramids) may be attached to a subgrid structure as described herein.

FIGS. 40E and 40F show a screen element structure 107 having multiple pyramidal shapes dropping below and rising above the side members and edge members of screen element structure 107. Each pyramid includes four individual screen elements 99 but may also be formed as single screen element pyramid. In the configuration shown, each screen element has sixteen triangular screening surfaces forming four separate pyramidal screening surfaces. The pyramidal screening surfaces may slope above or below the screen element end members and side members. Screen element structure 107 (or alternatively single screen element pyramids) may be attached to a subgrid structure as described herein. FIGS. 40 through 40F are exemplary only as to the variations that may be used for the screen elements and screen element support structures.

FIGS. 41 to 43 show cross-sectional profile views of exemplary embodiments of thermoplastic injection molded screen element surface structures that may be incorporated into the various embodiments of the present invention discussed herein. The screen element is not limited to the shapes and configurations identified herein. Because the screen element is thermoplastic injection molded, multiple variations may be easily fabricated and incorporated into the various exemplary embodiments discussed herein.

FIG. 44 shows a prescreen structure 200 for use with vibratory screening machines. Prescreen structure 200 includes a support frame 300 that is partially covered with individual prescreen assemblies 210. Prescreen assemblies 210 are shown having multiple prescreen elements 216 mounted on prescreen subgrids 218. Although, prescreen assemblies 210 are shown including six prescreen subgrids 218 secured together, various numbers and types of subgrids may be secured together to form various shapes and sizes of prescreen assemblies 210. The prescreen assemblies 210 are fastened to support frame 300 and form a continuous prescreening surface 213. Prescreen structure 200 may be mounted over a primary screening surface. Prescreen assemblies 210, prescreen elements 216 and the prescreen subgrids 218 may include any of the features of the various embodiments of screen assemblies, screen elements and subgrid structures described herein and may configured to be mounted on prescreen support frame 300, which may have various forms and configurations suitable for prescreening applications. Prescreen structure 200, prescreen assemblies 210, prescreen elements 216 and the prescreen subgrids 218 may be configured to be incorporated into the prescreening technologies (e.g., compatible with the mounting structures and screen configurations) described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/051,658 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,439,203).

FIG. 44A shows an enlarged view of prescreen assembly 210.

FIG. 58 is a top isometric view of a portion of a screen assembly 510. Screen assembly 510 includes screen elements 416, center subgrid units 518, and end subgrid units 514. Screen elements 416 were described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 48, 48A, 48B, and 48C. End subgrid units 514 are described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 59 and 59A, and center subgrid units 518 are described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 60 and 60A. Screen assembly 510 is similar to screen element 410 described above with reference to FIG. 47 . Like screen assembly 410, screen assembly includes binder bars 12 that are attached to ends of the screen assembly.

In further embodiments, screen assemblies similar to screen assembly 510 of FIG. 58 (or screen assembly 410 of FIG. 47 ) may be formed by mixing and matching various screen elements (e.g., 416 of FIGS. 48-48C, 516 of FIGS. 66-66C, and 616 of FIG. 70A) with various subgrid structures (e.g., 14 of FIGS. 3 and 3A, 514 of FIGS. 59 and 59A, 818 of FIGS. 65 and 65A, 918 of FIGS. 71A-71D, etc.). As described in greater detail below, screen element 516 has similar features to screen element 416 but screen elements 516 and 416 have different sizes. In an example embodiment, screen element 416 may be a 2″×3″ screen element while screen elements 516 and 616 may be 1″×6″ screen elements. As described in greater detail below, screen element 616 has smaller features than screen element 516. Further, the smaller width of screen elements 516 and 616, and associated structures, allows smaller features to be manufactured.

FIG. 59 is a top isometric view of an end subgrid 514, and FIG. 59A is a bottom isometric view of end subgrid 514 shown in FIG. 59 . End subgrid 514 is an alternative embodiment to end subgrid 414 shown in FIGS. 49 and 49A. End subgrid 514 may be thermoplastic (or other suitably chosen material) injection molded and may include all of the features of end subgrid unit 414 with the exception of clips 42 of end subgrid unit 414. End subgrid unit 514 includes clips 142 as discussed in greater detail below.

With the exception of clips 142, end subgrids 514 (e.g., see FIGS. 59, 59A, 61, and 61A) include structural features similar to those found in end subgrids 414 (e.g., see FIGS. 49, 49A, 51, and 51A). For example, end subgrid 514 includes a plurality elongated location members 444, a secondary support framework 488 spanning across grid openings 50, a plurality of fusion bars 476, and a plurality of shortened fusion bars 478. Further, end subgrid 514 includes parallel subgrid end members 36, and parallel subgrid side members 38 that are substantially perpendicular to the subgrid end members 36.

Screen elements 416 (e.g., see FIGS. 61 and 61A) may be attached to end subgrids 514, using methods similar to those described herein, including methods above with reference to FIGS. 51 and 51A for attaching screen element 416 to end subgrids 414. For example, as shown in FIG. 61 , two screen elements 416 may be positioned over an end subgrid unit 514. Fusion bars 476 and 478 may be melted (e.g., using laser welding, heat staking, etc.) to fuse the two screen elements 416 to end subgrid unit 514 to form the end subassembly 660 shown in FIG. 61A. Further details describing this technique of fusing a screen element to a subgrid unit are described above with reference to FIGS. 51 and 51A. In other embodiments, other methods may be used to fuse a screen element to a subgrid. For example, screen elements may be affixed to the subgrids by at least one of a mechanical arrangement, an adhesive, heat staking, and ultrasonic welding, as described above.

FIG. 60 is a top isometric view of a center subgrid 518, and FIG. 60A is a bottom isometric view of center subgrid 518 shown in FIG. 60 . Center subgrid 518 is an alternative embodiment to center subgrid 418 shown in FIGS. 50 and 50A. Center subgrid 518 may be thermoplastic (or other suitably chosen material) injection molded and may include all of the features of center subgrid unit 418 with the exception of clips 42 of center subgrid unit 418. Center subgrid unit 518 includes clips 142 as discussed in greater detail below.

Similarly, with the exception of clips 142, center subgrids 518 (e.g., see FIGS. 60, 60A, 62, and 62A) include structural features similar to those found in center subgrids 418 (e.g., see FIGS. 50, 50A, 52, and 52A). For example, center subgrid 518 includes a plurality elongated location members 444, a secondary support framework 488 spanning across grid openings 50, a plurality of fusion bars 476, and a plurality of shortened fusion bars 478. Further, center subgrid 518 includes parallel subgrid end members 36, and parallel subgrid side members 38 that are substantially perpendicular to the subgrid end members 36.

Screen elements 416 (e.g., see FIGS. 62 and 62A) may be attached to center subgrids 518, using methods similar to those discussed above with reference to FIGS. 52 and 52A for attaching screen element 416 to center subgrids 418. For example, as shown in FIG. 62 , two screen elements 416 may be positioned over a center subgrid unit 518. Fusion bars 476 and 478 may be melted to fuse the two screen elements 416 to center subgrid unit 518 to form the center subassembly 760 shown in FIG. 62A, as described in greater detail above with reference to FIGS. 52 and 52A. Further details describing this technique of fusing a screen element to a subgrid unit are described above with reference to FIGS. 52 and 52A.

Clips 142 (e.g., see FIGS. 59, 59A, 60, 60A, and 63C) include similar extended members to those of clips 42. In addition to the two extended members of clips 42 (e.g. see FIGS. 3, 3A, 49, 49A, 50 and 50A) clips 142 have an additional extended member for a total of three extended members (e.g., see FIG. 63 and related discussion below). The presence of three extended members allows clips 142 to make a stronger and more rugged connection between end subgrid units 514 relative to the connection between end subgrid units 414 (e.g., see FIGS. 49 and 49A) provided by clips 42. Similarly, clips 142 provide stronger and more rugged connections between end subgrid units 514 and center subgrids 518, and between neighboring center subgrid units 518, relative to connections provided by clips 42.

The use of clips 142 (e.g., see FIGS. 59, 59A, 60, 60A, and 63C) is similar to the use of clips 42 (e.g. see FIGS. 3, 3A, and related discussion). In this regard, subgrid units (e.g., end subgrid units 514 and/or center subgrid units 518) may be secured together along their respective side members 38 by passing clip 142 into clip aperture 40 until the three extended members of clip 142 extend beyond clip aperture 40 and subgrid side member 38. As clip 142 is pushed into clip aperture 40, extended members of clip 142 will be forced together until a clipping portion of each extended member is beyond subgrid side member 38 allowing the clipping portions of clip 142 to engage an interior portion of subgrid side member 38.

As described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 3A, when the clipping portions of clip 142 are engaged into clip aperture 40, subgrid side members of two independent end subgrids 514 will be side by side and secured together (e.g. see FIGS. 3, 3A, and related discussion). Similarly, when the clipping portions of clip 142 are engaged into the clip aperture 40, subgrid side members of two independent center subgrids 518 will be side by side and secured together. An end member 36 of end subgrid 514 may similarly be secured to an end member 36 of a center subgrid 518. Likewise end members 36 of two neighboring center subgrids 518 may be secured together. The subgrids may be separated by applying a force to the extended members of clip 142 such that the extended members are moved together allowing for the clipping portions to pass out of clip aperture 40.

In further embodiments, clips 142 may be configured to form a permanent connection between subgrids that once connected cannot be disconnected without breaking the clips 142 or one or more of the subgrids. Such embodiments having clips 142 that may form permanent connections may be advantageous for generating screen assemblies that may be secured into a vibratory screening machine based on compressive forces as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,578,394 and 9,027,760, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. In this regard, screen assemblies may be generated that can withstand compressive forces in a range of 2000-3000 lb applied to edges of screen assemblies. Further, such screen assemblies may be configured to operate in a vibratory screening machine with vibrational accelerations in a range of 3-9 G.

FIG. 63 is a top isometric view of a pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558, and FIG. 63A is a bottom isometric view of the pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558 shown in FIG. 63 . Pyramidal shaped subgrid 558 of FIGS. 63 and 63A is an alternative embodiment to pyramidal shaped end subgrid 458 shown in FIGS. 53 and 53A. Pyramidal shaped subgrid 558 may be thermoplastic (or other suitably chosen material) injection molded and may include all of the features of pyramidal shaped end subgrid 458 with the exception of clips 42 of pyramidal shaped end subgrid unit 458. Pyramidal shaped subgrid 558 includes clips 242.

Similarly, with the exception of clips 242, pyramidal shaped subgrid 558 (e.g., see FIGS. 63 and 63A) includes structural features similar to those found in pyramidal shaped end subgrid 458 (e.g., see FIGS. 53 and 53A. For example, pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558 includes a ridge portion 66, subgrid side members/base members 64, and angular surfaces 70 that peak at ridge portion 66 and extend downwardly to side member 64. Pyramidal shaped subgrid 558 also has triangular end members 62. Pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558 may have a plurality elongated location members 444, and second adhesion arrangements such as a plurality of fusion bars 476 and shorted fusion bars 478. Pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558 may include secondary support framework 488 spanning across grid openings, and may include a flattened ridge portion 465 and may have fixture locators 490 in ridge 66.

Clips 242 are similar to clips 142 in that they have additional structure that provides for a stronger and more rugged connection between neighboring pyramidal shaped end subgrids 458. For example, clips 242 have two similar extended members that are structurally similar to the two extended members of clips 42 and 142. Clips 242 also have an additional central extended member (e.g., see FIG. 63D below) that likewise engages an interior portion of subgrid side member 64.

Clips 142 and 242 provide additional structure to form strong connections between subgrid units and may withstand compression forces in a range from 2000-3000 lb compression force on a screen assembly. Further, when screening subassemblies are formed into screening assemblies, the resulting assemblies that utilize clips 142 and 242 provide strong binding forces between subassemblies so that the resulting screen assembly may withstand large vibrational accelerations on the order of 3G to 9G. Disclosed screening assemblies are further designed to support abrasive materials (e.g., fluids having several percent to up to 65 percent abrasive solids) and high load demands (e.g., fluids having specific gravity up to 3 pounds per gallon), as described in greater detail below.

FIGS. 63B, 63C, and 63D compare structural features of clips 42 (e.g., see FIGS. 3 and 3A), 142 (e.g. see FIGS. 59-62A), and 242 (e.g., see FIGS. 63 and 63A), respectively. FIG. 63B illustrates an isometric view of clip 42. As shown in FIG. 63B, clip 42 has first 42 a and second 42 b extended members that engage with a clipping aperture 40 (e.g., see FIG. 59 ). FIG. 63C illustrates an isometric view of clip 142, which has first 142 a and second 142 b extended members that are similar to corresponding first 42 a and second 42 b extended members of clip 42 of FIG. 63B (see also FIGS. 3 and 3A). Clip 142, however, provides third 142 c extended member as shown in FIG. 63C. The three extended members, 142 a, 142 b, and 142 c, of clip 142 provide a stronger and more rugged connection between subgrids, as described above.

FIG. 63D illustrates an isometric view of clip 242. As shown in FIG. 63D, clip 142 has first 242 a and second 242 b extended members that are similar to first 42 a and second 42 b extended members of clip 42 (e.g., see FIGS. 3, 3A, 63B), and are similar to first 142 a and second 142 b extended members of clip 142 (e.g., see FIG. 63C). As mentioned above, however, clip 142 of FIG. 63D also has a central extended member 242 c that engages with upper and lower edges of clip aperture 40 (e.g., see FIG. 63 ). Clip 242 provides additional stability for connections between subgrids in that central extended member 242 c hinders rotational motion about an axis 242 d of two subgrids bound by clip 242, as shown in FIG. 63D.

The above discussion may be generalized straightforwardly in that any structure having clips 42 may be generalized to a similar structure having clips 142 or 242 (e.g., see FIGS. 63C and 63D). For example, pyramidal shaped center subgrid 460 shown in FIGS. 54 and 54A may similarly be generalized to a pyramidal shaped center subgrid structure having clips 142 or 242 (not shown). Similarly, the methods for attaching screening members 416 to such pyramidal shaped subgrids described above with reference to FIGS. 55, 55A, 56 and 56A may be employed to attach screening members 416 to the generalized pyramidal shaped center subgrids since clips 42, 142, and 242 play no role in the process of attaching screening members 416.

FIG. 64 is a top isometric view of an end subgrid 718, and FIG. 64A is a bottom isometric view of end subgrid 718 shown in FIG. 64 . End subgrid 718 is an alternative embodiment to end subgrid 514 shown in FIGS. 59 and 59A. End subgrid 718 may be thermoplastic (or other suitably chosen material) injection molded and may include similar features to those found in end subgrid unit 514. For example, end subgrid 718 includes a plurality elongated location members 444, a secondary support framework 488 spanning across grid openings 50, a plurality of fusion bars 476, and a plurality of shortened fusion bars 478. Further, end subgrid 718 includes parallel subgrid end members 136, and parallel subgrid side members 138 that are substantially perpendicular to the subgrid end members 136. End subgrid 718 may also have clips 242 similar to those of pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558 (e.g., see FIGS. 63 and 63A). Alternatively, in an embodiment end subgrid 718 may employ other clips such as clips 142 of end subgrid 514 (e.g., see FIGS. 59 and 59A) or clips 42 of end subgrid 14 (e.g., see FIGS. 3 and 3A).

In contrast to end subgrid 514, however, end subgrid 718 has about the same length as end subgrid 514 but about half the width of end subgrid 514. In other words, a length measured along the parallel subgrid side members 138 for end subgrid 718 is substantially equal to a length measured along the parallel subgrid side members 38 for end subgrid 514, but the a distance measured along parallel subgrid end member 136 for subgrid 718 is substantially equal to half the distance measured along the subgrid end member 36 of end subgrid 514. The shorter width of end subgrid 718 provides an advantage in that it may support corresponding screen elements 516 (e.g., see FIGS. 66, 66A, 66B, and 66C) having half the width of screen elements 416 (e.g., see FIGS. 48, 48A, 48B, and 48C). Screen elements 516 having a shorter width allows manufacturing of screen elements 516 having smaller features such as smaller screening openings 86, and smaller surface elements 84 (e.g., see FIG. 2D), as described in greater detail below.

FIG. 65 is a top isometric view of a center subgrid 818, and FIG. 65A is a bottom isometric view of the center subgrid 818 shown in FIG. 65 . Center subgrid 818 is an alternative embodiment to center subgrid 518 shown in FIGS. 60 and 60A. Center subgrid 818 may be thermoplastic (or other suitably chosen material) injection molded and may include similar features to those found in center subgrid unit 518. For example, center subgrid 818 includes a plurality of elongated location members 444, a secondary support framework 488 spanning across grid openings 50, a plurality of fusion bars 476, and a plurality of shortened fusion bars 478. Further, center subgrid 818 includes parallel subgrid end members 136, and parallel subgrid side members 138 that are substantially perpendicular to the subgrid end members 136. Center subgrid 818 may also have clips 242 similar to those of pyramidal shaped center subgrid 558 (e.g., see FIGS. 63 and 63A). Alternatively, in an embodiment center subgrid 818 may employ other clips such as clips 142 of center subgrid 518 (e.g., see FIGS. 60 and 60A) or clips 42 of center subgrid 18 (e.g., see FIGS. 4 and 4A).

In contrast to center subgrid 518, however, center subgrid 818 has about the same length as center subgrid 518 but about half the width of center subgrid 518 (e.g., compare FIGS. 65 and 65A with FIGS. 60 and 60A). In other words, a length measured along parallel subgrid side members 138 for center subgrid 818 is substantially equal to a length measured along parallel subgrid side member 38 for center subgrid 518, but a distance measured along parallel subgrid end members 136 for subgrid 818 is substantially equal to half a distance measured along the subgrid end members 36 of center subgrid 518. The shorter width of center subgrid 818 provides an advantage in that it may support corresponding screen elements 516 (e.g., see FIGS. 66, 66A, 66B, and 66C) having half the width of screen elements 416 (e.g., see FIGS. 48, 48A, 48B, and 48C). Screen elements 516 having a shorter width allows manufacturing of screen elements 516 having smaller features such as smaller screening openings 86, and smaller surface elements 84 (e.g., see FIG. 2D), as described in greater detail below.

As described in greater detail below (e.g., with reference to FIGS. 70-74D), screen elements (e.g., see FIG. 70A) having smaller features such as smaller screening openings 86, and smaller surface elements 84 (e.g., see FIG. 2D, and Tables I.-IV. below), are designed to be supported by corresponding subgrid structures having additional structural features (e.g., see FIGS. 71-71D, 72, and 72A) that support corresponding reinforcement members (e.g., see FIGS. 71E, 71F, 72B, 72C, 74B, and 74C) of screening elements. The smaller screening features of screen elements that are supported by additional structure of the subgrids may be assembled into screening assemblies having increased open screening area.

In this way, screen elements are provided that: are of an optimal size (large enough for efficient assembly of a complete screen assembly structure yet small enough to injection mold (micro-mold in certain embodiments) extremely small structures forming screening openings while avoiding freezing (i.e., material hardening in a mold before completely filling the mold)); have optimal open screening area (the structures forming the openings and supporting the openings are of a minimal size to increase the overall open area used for screening while maintaining, in certain embodiments, very small screening openings necessary to properly separate materials to a specified standard); have durability and strength, can operate in a variety of temperature ranges; are chemically resistant; are structurally stable; are highly versatile in screen assembly manufacturing processes; and are configurable in customizable configurations for specific applications.

Further, screening elements, subgrids, and screen assemblies may have different shapes and sizes as long as structural support members of subgrids are provided to support corresponding reinforcement members of screening elements. Screens, subgrids, and screen assemblies are designed to withstand high vibratory forces (e.g., accelerations in a range of 3-9G), abrasive materials (e.g., fluids having several percent to up to 65 percent abrasive solids) and high load demands (e.g., fluids having specific gravity up to 3 pounds per gallon). Screen assemblies are also designed to withstand up to 2000-3000 lb compressive loading of screen assembly edges as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,578,394 and 9,027,760, the entire disclosure of each of which is hereby incorporated by references. Further, the disclose screening assemblies are designed so that a size of screening openings is maintained under service conditions including the above-mentioned compressive loading, high vibratory forces, and in the presence of heavy fluids.

FIGS. 66, 66A, 66B, and 66C illustrate a screen element 516 that is similar to screen element 416 (e.g., see FIGS. 48, 48A, 48B, and 48C). For example, screen element 516 may include location apertures 424, which may be located at four corners of screen element 516 and at various places along end member 120 and side member 122 of screen element 516 (e.g., see FIGS. 66 and 66A). Greater or fewer location apertures 424 may be provided on screen element 516 and multiple configurations may be provided. The location apertures 424 may be utilized to locate the screen element 516 on a subgrid (e.g., such as on end subgrid 718 of FIGS. 64 and 64A or on center subgrid 818 of FIGS. 65 and 65A). Screen element 516 may further include a center location aperture 524. Alternatively, in an embodiment screen element 516 may be located without location apertures 424. Screen element 516 may include a plurality of tapered counter bores 470, which may facilitate extraction of screen element 516 from a mold, wherein the mold may have ejector pins configured to push the screen element out of the mold (e.g., see FIGS. 66 and 66A).

In this example, screen elements 516 (e.g., see FIGS. 66-66C) have twice the length of screen elements 416 but half the width of screen elements 416 (e.g., see FIGS. 48-48C). For example, a distance measured alongside portion 122 of screen element 516 is substantially equal to twice a distance measured alongside portion 22 of screen element 416 (e.g., see FIG. 48 ). However, a distance measured along end portion 120 of screen element 516 is substantially equal to half of a distance measured along end portion 20 of screen element 416 (e.g., see FIG. 48 ). Choosing screen elements 516 to have a shorter width allows manufacturing of screen elements 516 having smaller features such as smaller screening openings 86, and smaller surface elements 84 (e.g., see FIG. 2D), as described in greater detail below.

Screen element 516 may have similar features to screen element 416 (e.g., see FIGS. 48B and 48C) on a bottom side of screen element 516, as illustrated in FIGS. 66B and 66C. For example, screen element 516 may have a plurality of cavity pockets 472 that may be arranged along end portions 120 and side portions 122 between the location apertures 424. As with screen element 416, the cavity pockets 472 (e.g., see FIG. 66C) may serve as an adhesion arrangement of screen element 516 that may be configured to mate with a complementary second adhesion arrangement on a top surface of a subgrid unit (e.g., such as on end subgrid 718 of FIGS. 64 and 64A or on center subgrid 818 of FIGS. 65 and 65A).

As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 67 and 67A, screen elements 516 may be attached to end subgrid 718 to generate end screen subassembly 860, using methods similar to those described above used to attach screen elements 416 to end subgrid 514 to generate the end subassembly 660 (e.g., see FIGS. 61 and 61A). For example, location apertures, 424 and 524, of screen element 516 (e.g., see FIG. 66A) may engage with location members 444 of end subgrid 718. Fusion bars 476 and 478 may then be melted to fuse screen element 516 to end subgrid 718, as described in greater detail above with reference to FIGS. 51, 51A, 61 , and 61A.

In contrast to the situation illustrated in FIG. 61 , in which two screen elements 416 span end subgrid 514, as shown in FIG. 67 , a single screen element 516 spans end subgrid 718. This situation occurs because screen element 516 has twice the length and half the width of screen element 416 while end subgrid 718 has the same length but half the width of end subgrid 514. The shorter width and longer length of screen element 516 allows smaller features, such as screening openings 86, and smaller surface elements 84 (e.g., see FIG. 2D), to be manufactured (e.g., via thermoplastic injection molding), as described in greater detail below.

As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 68 and 68A, screen elements 516 may be attached to center subgrid 818 to generate center screen subassembly 960, using methods similar to those described above used to attach screen elements 416 to center subgrid 518 to generate the center subassembly 760 (e.g., see FIGS. 62 and 62A). For example, fusion bars 476 and 478 may be melted to fuse screen element 516 to center subgrid 818, as described in greater detail above with reference to FIGS. 52, 52A, 62, and 62A.

In contrast to the situation illustrated in FIG. 62 , in which two screen elements 416 span center subgrid 518, as shown in FIG. 68 , a single screen element 516 spans center subgrid 818. This situation occurs because screen element 516 has twice the length and half the width of screen element 416 while center subgrid 818 has the same length but half the width of center subgrid 518. The shorter width and longer length of screen element 516 allows smaller features, such as screening openings 86, and smaller surface elements 84 (e.g., see FIG. 2D), to be manufactured, as described in greater detail below.

As illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 69 and 69A, a screen assembly 80 may be formed by combining end screen subassemblies 860, center screen subassemblies 960, and screen subassemblies having pyramidal shaped subgrids, such as pyramidal shaped end subassemblies based on pyramidal end subgrids 58 and pyramidal shaped center subassemblies based on pyramidal center subgrids 60, described above. Pyramidal shaped subassemblies may include screen elements 16 (e.g., see FIGS. 2 to 2C), 416 (e.g., see FIGS. 48 to 48C), or 516 (e.g., see FIGS. 66 to 66C). By using end screen subassemblies 860 and center screen subassemblies 960, which each have half the width of end subgrids 514 and center subgrids 518, respectively, the pyramidal shaped subassemblies may be placed closer together than similar assemblies shown in other embodiments, such as the screen assemblies shown, for example, in FIGS. 21 and 21A.

FIGS. 70 and 70A compare screen element 516 (see FIG. 70 ) with an alternative embodiment screen element 616 (see FIG. 70A) having smaller features than those of screen element 516. Screen element 616 is designed to support smaller features including smaller screening openings 86 and smaller surface elements 84 (e.g., see FIG. 2D), as described in greater detail below.

Screen element 616 may be thermoplastic (or other suitably chosen material) injection molded and have similar features to those of screen element 516. For example, screen element 616 may include location apertures 424, which may be located at four corners of screen element 616 and at various places along end member 120 and side member 122 of screen element 616. Greater or fewer location apertures 424 may be provided on screen element 616 and multiple configurations may be provided. The location apertures 424 may be utilized to locate the screen element 616 on a subgrid (e.g., such as on end subgrid 718 of FIGS. 67 and 67A or on center subgrid 818 of FIGS. 68 and 68A). Screen element 616 may further include a center location aperture 524. Alternatively, in an embodiment, screen element 616 may be located without location apertures 424. Screen element 616 may include a plurality of tapered counter bores 470, which may facilitate extraction of screen element 616 from a mold, wherein the mold may have ejector pins configured to push the screen element out of the mold.

Screen element 616 may have a plurality of cavity pockets 472 that may be arranged along end portions 120 and side portions 122 between the location apertures 424. As with screen element 516, the cavity pockets 472 may serve as an adhesion arrangement of screen element 616 that may be configured to mate with a complementary second adhesion arrangement on a top surface of a subgrid unit. Screen element 616 may thus be attached to a subgrid using similar techniques as those described above for attaching screen element 516 to a subgrid. For example, fusion bars 476 and 478 (e.g., see FIGS. 67 and 68 ) may be melted to fuse screen element 516 to a subgrid (e.g., end subgrid 718 of FIG. 67 or center subgrid 818 of FIG. 68 ).

Differences between screen element 516 (of FIG. 70 ) and screen 616 (of FIG. 70A) relate to support structures, as follows. Screen element 516 has a first series of reinforcement members 32 and screen 616 has a first series of reinforcement members 132. The linear density of reinforcement members 132 of screen element 616 is higher than the linear density of reinforcement members 32 of screen element 516. In this example, there are a total of ten reinforcement members 32 spanning a direction parallel to end member 120 for screen element 516, while there are a total of fourteen reinforcement members 132 spanning a direction parallel to end member 120 for screen element 616. The greater linear density of reinforcement members 132 of screen element 616 provides greater structural strength to screen element 616 in comparison to screen element 516. Further, as described in greater detail below, the greater number of reinforcement members 132 allows for a greater number of screen surface elements 84 and screening openings 86, both of which reside between reinforcement members 132.

Screen element 516 has a second series of reinforcement members 34. Screen element 616 also includes the second series of support members 34 along with an additional third series 134 of reinforcement members. FIG. 70 illustrates two of the second series of support members 34 in screen element 516. FIG. 71 also illustrates a corresponding two of the second series of support members 34 of screen element 616. The additional third series of reinforcement members 134 of screen element 616 are shown interposed between neighboring reinforcement members 34 of the second series of reinforcement members 34. Collectively, the second series of reinforcement members 34 combined with the third series of reinforcement members 134 of screen element 616 represents a larger linear density of reinforcement members, in contrast to the linear density of second reinforcement members 34 of screen member 516. As described above, regarding the case of the linear density of reinforcement members 132, the greater linear density of reinforcement members, 34 and 132, of screen element 616 provides greater structural strength to screen element 616 in comparison to screen element 516.

FIGS. 71 and 71A compare center subgrid unit 818 (of FIG. 71 ) with an alternative embodiment center subgrid unit 918 (of FIG. 71A) having additional structural support features. The additional structural support features of center subgrid 918 correspond to and provide additional support for the third series of reinforcement members 134 of screen element 616, as described in greater detail below.

Center subgrid 918 may be thermoplastic (or other suitably chosen material) injection molded and may include similar features to those found in center subgrid unit 818. For example, center subgrid 918 includes a plurality of elongated location members 444, a plurality of fusion bars 476, and a plurality of shortened fusion bars 478. Further, center subgrid 918 includes parallel subgrid end members 136, and parallel subgrid side members 138 that are substantially perpendicular to the subgrid end members 136. Center subgrid 918 may also have clips 242 similar to those of center subgrid 818 (e.g., see FIG. 65 ) and to those of pyramidal shaped center subgrid 558 (e.g., see FIGS. 63 and 63A).

Like center subgrid 818, center subgrid 918 has a secondary support framework 488 spanning across grid openings 50 (e.g., see grid openings 50 of FIG. 65A). In contrast to center subgrid 818, however, center subgrid 918 has an additional tertiary support framework 588 as shown in greater detail in FIGS. 71B, 71C, 71D, and 71F.

FIG. 71B shows an enlarged view of the region “A” of FIG. 71A. The view of FIG. 71B illustrates two members of secondary support framework 488 that are parallel to end members 136 and two members of secondary framework 488 that are parallel to side members 138. The additional tertiary support framework 588 includes members that are parallel to end members 136 and are interspersed between adjacent members of secondary framework 488 that are parallel to end members 136. The combination of secondary framework 488 and tertiary framework 588 collectively results in a framework that has an increased linear density of support members along a direction parallel to side members 138. The additional support members of tertiary support framework 588 correspond to, and provide support to the third series of reinforcement members 134 of screen element 616 (e.g., see FIG. 70A), as described in greater detail below. Similarly, support members of secondary support framework 488 that are parallel to end members 136 support the corresponding second series of support members 34 of screen element 616.

FIG. 71C illustrates a top-down view of center subgrid 918 and FIG. 71D illustrates a side view of center subgrid 918. Center subgrid 918 includes secondary support framework 488 as does center subgrid 818. In contrast to center subgrid 818, however, center subgrid 918 includes tertiary support framework 588, as described above. Both FIGS. 71C and 71D show members of tertiary support framework 588 interspersed between adjacent members of secondary support framework 488 that are parallel to end members 136. As mentioned above, the combination of secondary framework 488 and tertiary framework 588 collectively results in a framework that has an increased linear density of support members along a direction parallel to side members 138.

FIGS. 71E and 71F illustrate a correspondence between reinforcement members of screen elements 516 and 616 and corresponding members of support frameworks 488 and 588, respectively. For clarity of comparison, screen 516 is placed next to center subgrid 818 in FIG. 71E, and screen 616 is placed next to center subgrid 918 in FIG. 71F. In FIG. 71E, two reinforcement members 34 of screen element 516 are shown to spatially align with corresponding members of secondary support network 488 of center subgrid 818. Similarly, in FIG. 71F, two reinforcement members 34 of screen element 616 are shown to spatially align with corresponding members of secondary support network 488 of center subgrid 918. Further, FIG. 71F shows two members of third series of support members 134 that spatially align with corresponding members of tertiary support network 588 of center subgrid 918. As mentioned above, the additional tertiary support framework 588 includes members that are parallel to end members 136 and are interspersed between adjacent members of secondary framework 488 that are parallel to end members 136. As such, the combination of secondary framework 488 and tertiary framework 588 collectively results in a framework that has an increased linear density of support members along a direction parallel to side members 138.

The above discussion regarding end subgrids 818 and 918 may be generalized to other subgrid structures, including end subgrids, as well as pyramidal center, and end subgrids. For example, FIG. 72 illustrates pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558 having a grid framework with a first linear density of support members along a direction parallel to side member 64. The support members in FIGS. 72 and 72A are parallel to end member 62. FIG. 72A illustrates an alternate embodiment pyramidal shaped end subgrid 658 that includes a grid framework having a higher linear density of support members along a direction parallel to side member 64 in contrast to pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558 of FIG. 72 . The additional support members of end subgrid 658 provide support for the reinforcement members of screen element 516 as follows.

FIG. 72B illustrates support members 688 of support framework of end subgrid 558 that spatially align with corresponding reinforcement members 34 of screen element 516. This alignment between support members 688 of pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558 and reinforcement members 34 of screen element 516 is similar to the way that support members 488 of center subgrid 818 aligned with reinforcement members 34 of screen element 516 in FIG. 71E.

Similarly, pyramidal shaped end subgrid 658, shown in FIG. 71F, has support members 688 that spatially align with corresponding reinforcement members 34 of screen element 616. In contrast to pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558, however, pyramidal shaped end subgrid 658 includes additional support members 788. As shown in FIG. 72C, support members 788 of pyramidal shaped end subgrid 658 spatially align with reinforcement members 134 of screen element 616. In this regard, pyramidal shaped end subgrid 658 provides additional structural support to screen element 516 than pyramidal shaped end subgrid 558 provides to screen element 416.

The following discussion provides further details of screen element 616 with reference to FIGS. 73 to 73D and 74 to 74D. As mentioned above, screen element 616 is similar to screen element 516 in that it is twice as long and half as wide as screen element 416 (e.g., compare relative dimensions of screen elements 416 in FIG. 61 to screen element 516 in FIG. 67 ). The smaller width allows manufacturing of screens 616 having smaller features such as smaller screening openings 86 and smaller surface elements 84 (e.g., see FIG. 2D).

FIG. 73 illustrates a top-down view of a screen element 616, previously illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 70A, 71F, and 72C. FIG. 73 defines a first cross section direction A to A and a second cross section direction C to C. FIG. 73A illustrates a first cross section of the screen element 616 of FIG. 73 defined by the first cross section direction A to A of FIG. 73 . The view of FIG. 73A is drawn with a 2:1 scale. Cross section A to A of FIG. 73A illustrates a plurality of reinforcement members 132 (e.g., see the discussion related to FIG. 70A) that are parallel to side edges 122 of screen element 616. FIG. 73B illustrates an enlarged view of a portion “B” of the first cross section illustrated in FIG. 73A. FIG. 73B also shows reinforcement members 132.

FIG. 73C illustrates a second cross section of the screen element 616 of FIG. 73 defined by the second cross section direction C to C of FIG. 73 . The view of FIG. 73C is drawn with a 2:1 scale and illustrates reinforcement members 34 and 134 (e.g., see the discussion related to FIGS. 70A, 71F, and 72C) that are parallel to end portions 120 of screen element 616. FIG. 73D illustrates an enlarged view of the second cross section of screen element 616 illustrated in FIG. 73C. FIG. 73D illustrates a plurality of screening openings 86 and surface elements 84, in addition to the reinforcement members 34 and 134 shown in FIG. 73C. Details of the screening openings 86 and surface elements 84 are described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 74C and 74D.

FIG. 74 illustrates a top-down view of the center screen subassembly formed by attaching screen element 616 to an end subgrid unit 818, similar to screen subassembly 960 shown in FIG. 68A. FIG. 74 defines a cross sectional direction A to A, which is used to define views in FIGS. 74B, 74C, and 74D. FIG. 74A illustrates a side view of center screen subassembly 960 of FIG. 74 showing screen element 616 and end subgrid unit 818. For the purpose of illustration, screen element 616 is shown positioned slightly above end subgrid unit 818.

FIG. 74B illustrates a cross section of the center screen subassembly of FIG. 74 defined by the cross section direction A to A of FIG. 74 . FIG. 74B also illustrates a region of detail “B” that is enlarged in FIGS. 74C and 74D. Elements of support frameworks 488 and 558 are also shown. As described above, elements of support frameworks 488 and 588 spatially align and provide support for reinforcement members 34 and 134 of screen element 516, respectively.

FIG. 74C illustrates an enlarged view of the portion “B” of the cross section of center screen subassembly of FIG. 74B. FIG. 74C shows detail similar to that shown in FIG. 10C. In this regard, FIG. 74C illustrates a subgrid end member 36, a secondary subgrid support member 488, and a tertiary subgrid support framework 588 (e.g., see FIGS. 71, 71A, 71B, 71C, 71D and 71F). FIG. 74C also illustrates reinforcement members 34 and 134, shown above in FIG. 73D. The detail region labeled “C” in FIG. 74C shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 74D.

FIG. 74D illustrates a cross sectional view of a plurality of surface elements 84 separated by a series of screening openings 86. As described above with reference to FIG. 2D, surface elements 84 have a thickness T, which may vary depending on the screening application and configuration of the screening openings 86. T may be chosen depending on the open screening area desired and the width W of screening openings 86. The screening openings 86 are elongated slots having a length L and a width W (e.g., see FIG. 2D), which may be varied for a chosen configuration. The slots, having length L (e.g., see FIG. 2D for definition of L, not shown in FIG. 74D), extend substantially into the plane of FIG. 74D and are shown horizontally in FIG. 2D.

Table 1. (below) illustrates the percent open area of example embodiments of screen assemblies including screen element 616, as a function of parameters W, T, and L, describing the width of screen openings 86, the width of surface elements 84, and the length of screen openings 86, respectively. As described above, the percent open area shown below is achieved by generating example screen assemblies that include elements 616 and example subgrid structures (e.g., subgrids 818 and 918) having corresponding structural elements to support screen elements 616. In this way, appropriately designed screen elements 616 and subgrid structures (e.g., subgrids 818 and 918) work together to maximize open screening area.

In this example, surface elements 84 have a fixed thickness T=0.014 in. Screening openings 86 have a fixed length L=0.076 in and variable width W. As may be expected, for a fixed number of screen openings 86, the percent open area decreases with the width W of each screen opening 86. In this example, the percent open area varies from a minimum of 6.2% open area, for the smallest width W=0.0017 in, to a maximum of 23.3% open area for the largest width W=0.0071.

TABLE 1 mesh W (in) T (in) L (in) % open area 80 0.0071 0.014 0.076 23.3 100 0.0059 0.014 0.076 20.3 120 0.0049 0.014 0.076 17.6 140 0.0041 0.014 0.076 13.4 170 0.0035 0.014 0.076 12.2 200 0.0029 0.014 0.076 10.3 230 0.0025 0.014 0.076 9.1 270 0.0021 0.014 0.076 7.9 325 0.0017 0.014 0.076 6.2

Table 2. (below) illustrates the percent open area of further example embodiments of screen assemblies including screen element 616, as a function of parameters W, T, and L. As described above, the percent open area shown below is achieved by generating example screen assemblies that include elements 616 and example subgrid structures (e.g., subgrids 818 and 918) having corresponding structural elements to support screen elements 616.

Table 2 illustrates the effect of reducing the length L of screening openings 86 and reducing the width T of surface elements 84 so that screen element 616 may include more screen elements. In this example, surface elements 84 have a fixed thickness T=0.007 in. Screening openings 86 have a fixed length L=0.046 in and variable width W. The resulting percent open area varies from a minimum of 10.1% open area, for the smallest width W=0.0017 in, to a maximum of 27.3% open area for the largest width W=0.0071. Thus, the maximum percent open area is increased from 23.3% to 27.3% by reducing T from 0.014 in to 0.007 in, and by reducing L from 0.076 in to 0.046 in, as seen by comparing the results of Table 2 with those of Table 1. As mentioned above, the increase in maximum percent open area occurs because when the screening openings 86 and surface features are reduced in size, more screening openings may be included on screen element 516.

TABLE 2 mesh W (in) T (in) L (in) % open area 80 0.0071 0.007 0.046 27.3 100 0.0059 0.007 0.046 25.2 120 0.0049 0.007 0.046 23.1 140 0.0041 0.007 0.046 20.5 170 0.0035 0.007 0.046 18.5 200 0.0029 0.007 0.046 16.5 230 0.0025 0.007 0.046 14.9 270 0.0021 0.007 0.046 12.8 325 0.0017 0.007 0.046 10.1

Table 3. (below) illustrates the percent open area of further example embodiments of screen assemblies including screen element 616, as a function of parameters W, T, and L. As described above, the percent open area shown below is achieved by generating example screen assemblies that include elements 616 and example subgrid structures (e.g., subgrids 818 and 918) having corresponding structural elements to support screen elements 616.

Table 3 shows that the trend may be continued. In this example, surface elements 84 have a fixed thickness T=0.005 in. Screening openings 86 have a fixed length L=0.032 in and variable width W. The resulting percent open area varies from a minimum of 12.1% open area, for the smallest width W=0.0017 in, to a maximum of 31.4% open area for the largest width W=0.0071. Thus, by reducing T from 0.007 in to 0.005 in, and by reducing L from 0.046 in to 0.032 in, the maximum percent open area is increased from 27.3% to 31.4%, as seen by comparing the results of Table 3 with those of Table 2.

TABLE 3 mesh W (in) T (in) L (in) % open area 80 0.0071 0.005 0.032 31.4 100 0.0059 0.005 0.032 29.3 120 0.0049 0.005 0.032 27.0 140 0.0041 0.005 0.032 24.1 170 0.0035 0.005 0.032 22.0 200 0.0029 0.005 0.032 19.7 230 0.0025 0.005 0.032 16.4 270 0.0021 0.005 0.032 14.7 325 0.0017 0.005 0.032 12.1

Table 4. (below) illustrates the percent open area of further example embodiments of screen assemblies including screen element 616, as a function of parameters W, T, and L. As described above, the percent open area shown below is achieved by generating example screen assemblies that include elements 616 and example subgrid structures (e.g., subgrids 818 and 918) having corresponding structural elements to support screen elements 616.

Table 4 shows further increase in percent open area as T and L are reduced. In this example, surface elements 84 have a fixed thickness T=0.003 in. Screening openings 86 have a fixed length L=0.028 in and variable width W. The resulting percent open area varies from a minimum of 13.2% open area, for the smallest width W=0.0017 in, to a maximum of 32.2% open area for the largest width W=0.0071. Thus, by reducing T from 0.005 in to 0.003 in, and by reducing L from 0.032 in to 0.028 in, the maximum percent open area is increased from 31.4% to 32.2%, as seen by comparing the results of Table 4 with those of Table 3.

TABLE 4 mesh W (in) T (in) L (in) % open area 80 0.0071 0.003 0.028 32.2 100 0.0059 0.003 0.028 30.1 120 0.0049 0.003 0.028 27.8 140 0.0041 0.003 0.028 25.2 170 0.0035 0.003 0.028 23.1 200 0.0029 0.003 0.028 20.1 230 0.0025 0.003 0.028 17.2 270 0.0021 0.003 0.028 15.3 325 0.0017 0.003 0.028 13.2

According to embodiments, multiple subassemblies may be secured together to form screen assemblies having a desired total screening area. For example, multiple subgrids secured together to form the screen assembly having a screening surface that has a total screening area in a range of approximately 0.4 m² to 6.0 m². In various embodiments, screen assemblies may be constructed having total screening areas of: 0.41 m², 0.68 m², 0.94 m², 3.75 m², 4.08 m², 4.89 m², and 5.44 m². In further example embodiments, screen assemblies may be constructed having virtually any total screening area by appropriate choice of a size of screening subassemblies and a total number of screening subassemblies.

FIGS. 75A to 76C illustrate different embodiments in which alternate strategies may be employed for combining screen elements to form screening assemblies. FIG. 75A, for example, illustrates a system including a first 702 and a second 704 plurality of rails. The first plurality 702 of rails may be configured to be substantially parallel to one another. Likewise, the second 704 plurality of rails may be configured to be substantially parallel to one another. Further, the first plurality 702 of rails may be configured to be substantially perpendicular to the second plurality 704 of rails. In this way, the first 702 and second 704 plurality of rails forms a rectangular grid framework.

Rather than binding screen subassemblies (e.g., subassembly 760 of FIG. 62A, subassembly 860 of FIG. 67A, etc.) together using clips (e.g., clips 42 of FIG. 3 , clips 142 of FIG. 60 , clips 242 of FIG. 63 , etc.), to form screen assemblies (e.g., screen assembly 10 of FIG. 1 , screen assembly 410 of FIG. 47 , screen assembly 510 of FIG. 58 , etc.), screen assemblies may be formed by attaching screen elements 416 to rails 702 and 704, as shown in FIG. 75A.

FIG. 75B illustrates a top perspective view of a grid framework 7500 to which screen elements may be attached to form a screen assembly, according to an embodiment. As shown, screen elements 516 a, 516 b (e.g., see screen element 516 of FIGS. 66-66C), may be attached to grid framework 7500. Openings in grid framework 7500 may be configured to allow undersized particles that fall through screen elements 516 a, 516 b, etc., to likewise fall through grid framework 7500. Grid framework 7500 may be configured as a replaceable panel that may be installed in a vibratory screening machine. In this example, grid framework 7500 has a rectangular shape with a handle 7502 that may facilitate installation. Other embodiments may include grid frameworks having other shapes such as circles, ovals, squares, triangles, hexagons, etc. Other embodiments may include grid frameworks having a shape of a closed polygon or smooth closed curve having any shape. Grid framework 7500 may include a frame 7504 that is configured to engage with a corresponding support structure of a vibratory screening machine (not shown). Grid framework 7500 may be constructed of metal, plastic, nylon, etc., or any suitable structural material.

FIG. 75C illustrates a bottom perspective view of the grid framework 7500 of FIG. 75B, according to an embodiment. The view of FIG. 75C illustrates an extended structure 7506 separating frame 7504 from an inner grid support area 7508. Frame 7504 and extended structure 7506 may be configured to allow grid framework 7500 to be securely installed in a vibratory screening machine. For example, the shape of extended structure 7506 may be configured to engage with a corresponding rectangular-shaped hole (not shown) in a support structure of a vibratory screening machine. Further, frame 7504 may be configured to extend beyond the rectangular-shaped hole of the vibratory screening machine to thereby engage with a corresponding support structure of the vibratory screening machine. In this way, grid framework 7500 may be installed and may be securely held in the vibratory screening machine. Once installed, grid framework 7500 may be secured to the support structure of the vibratory screening machine using various fasteners (e.g., bolts, screws, rivets, clamps, etc.) or may be welded to the support structure of the vibratory screening machine.

FIG. 76 illustrates a further embodiment in which screen elements may be attached directly to a plate structure 752 without the need to first attach the screen elements to subgrids. In this example, a plate 752 may be provided that has a plurality of window apertures 753 a, 753 b, 753 c, and 753 d. The window apertures 753 a to 753 d may be formed into the plate structure 752 by removing portions of the plate 752 material so that window apertures 753 a to 753 d include respective grid frameworks 754 a, 754 b, 754 c, and 754 d. The grid frameworks 754 a, 754 b, 754 c, and 754 d may serve as structures that may provide support for screen elements that may be attached thereto. In this way, the grid frameworks 754 a, 754 b, 754 c, and 754 d may act in the same way as the above-described subgrids of other embodiments. The window apertures 753 a to 753 d are shown as an exemplary embodiment of the concept. In other embodiments, plate structure 752 may have many more window apertures that may be closely spaced so that a screen assembly may be formed having large open area as described above with reference to other embodiments.

FIG. 76A illustrates screen elements 786 configured to be directly attached to a punched plate 780, according to an embodiment. In this embodiment, plate 780 may be a metal plate that has been mechanically punched to remove material to create apertures 782 a, 782 b, 782 c, etc. In this example, apertures 782 a, 782 b, and 782 c, etc., are rectangular apertures. In other embodiments, different shaped apertures may be provided. Plate 780 may be configured to be attached to a support structure 783. Support structure 783 may be a metal or plastic frame having a plurality of openings 784 a, 784 b, 784 c, etc. Apertures 782 a, 782 b, and 782 c, may be configured to accommodate a plurality of similarly sized screen elements 786.

In this example, screen element 786 may be a 1×6 screen element that may be similar to screen elements 516 and 616. A screen assembly may be generated by attaching a plurality of screen elements 786 to plate 780. In this regard, a plurality of screen elements 786 may be attached to apertures 782 a, 782 b, and 782 c, as indicated by arrows 788 a, 788 b, and 788 c. Screen elements 786 may be attached to plate 780 by gluing edges of screen elements 786 to corresponding edges of apertures 782 a, 782 b, and 782 c. Alternatively, screen elements 786 may molded into plate 780 by placing them into apertures 782 a, 782 b, 782 c, etc., and pouring a thermoset material around their perimeters. In an alternative embodiment, screen elements 786 may have a size specifically designed so that screen elements 786 may be snapped into place into apertures 782 a, 782 b, and 782 c and held in place by compressive forces exerted by edges of apertures 782 a, 782 b, 782 c, etc.

FIG. 76B illustrates screen elements configured to be directly attached to a corrugated punched plate, according to an embodiment. In this example, plate 880 may have a corrugated shape. Plate 880 may be configured to be attached to a support structure 783 (e.g., see FIG. 76A). In this regard, plate 880 may have a plurality of flat surfaces 882 a, 882 b, 882 c, etc. Flat surfaces 882 a, 882 b, 882 c, etc., may be separated by raised features 884 a, 884 b, etc. Raised features 884 a, 884 b, etc., may include respective flat surfaces 886 a, 886 b, etc., as well as respective angled surfaces 888 a, 888 b, 888 c, 888 d, etc. Each of the flat surfaces 882 a, 882 b, 882 c, etc., may include punched apertures, as described above with reference to FIG. 76A. Similarly, raised features 884 a, 884 b, etc., may include punched apertures on respective flat surfaces 886 a, 886 b, etc. Likewise, raised features 884 a, 884 b, etc., may include punched apertures on respective angled surfaces 888 a, 888 b, 888 c, 888 d, etc.

Each of the apertures on flat surfaces 882 a, 882 b, 882 c, etc., on flat surfaces 886 a, 886 b, etc., and on angled surfaces 888 a, 888 b, 888 c, 888 d, etc., may be configured to accommodate screen elements, such as screen element 786 illustrated, for example, in FIG. 76A. As described above, screen elements 786 may be attached to apertures of corrugated plate 880 by gluing. Similarly, screen elements 786 may be molded into corrugated plate 880 by placing them into apertures and pouring a thermoset material around their perimeters. Similarly, screen elements 786 may be snapped into apertures and held in place by compressive forces.

FIG. 76C illustrates a frame 980 having pockets to accommodate screen elements, according to an embodiment. In this example, support structure 980 may be a thermoplastic molded frame. Support structure may be a single injection molded piece having a thickness 981 and may be configured to contain a plurality of apertures or pockets 982. In other embodiments, support structure 980 may be a metal frame. Thickness 981 may be about 0.125 inches to about 2 inches thick. In this example, pockets 982 are rectangular openings. In other embodiments, other shaped pockets may be provided. Pockets 982 may include edges 984 that may be configured to accommodate edges of a screen element 786. As shown in FIG. 76C, screen element may be placed over pockets 982 and may be attached to edges 984 by gluing. Similarly, as described above with reference to FIGS. 76A and 76B, screen element 786 may be molded into support structure 980 by placing screen elements 786 into pockets 982 and pouring a thermoset material around a perimeter of screen element 786 to thereby form a bond between edges of screen element 786 and edges 984 of pockets 982. Similarly, screen elements 786 may be snapped into apertures and held in place by compressive forces.

The embodiments of FIGS. 75A to 76C demonstrate that many different support structures may be provided for screen elements, in addition to the subgrid structures described above with reference to FIGS. 3 to 4A, 10, 10A, 11, 11A, 22, 22A, 23 to 24D, 34, 35, 49 to 57A, 59 to 63A, 64 to 65A, 67 to 68A, and 71 to 72C. A support structure need only provide sufficient mechanical and thermal stability to screen elements. The embodiments of FIGS. 75A to 76C may also allow a wider selection of materials to be used in generating screening members. In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to attach screen elements to subgrid structures using laser welding, as described in greater detail above. In this regard, certain subgrid structures (e.g., some of embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 4A, 10, 10A, 11, 11A, 22, 22A, 23 to 24D, 34, 35, 49 to 57A, 59 to 63A, 64 to 65A, 67 to 68A, and 71 to 72C) may have material properties that are complementary to the material properties of a screen element.

For embodiments in which screen elements are to be joined to subgrid structures using laser welding, screen elements should be optically transparent while subgrid structures should have optical properties that absorb electromagnetic radiation. In this way, laser light may pass through a screen element and may be absorbed by the optically absorbing material of the subgrid structure. Electromagnetic radiation absorbed by the subgrid structure generates heat that locally melts material of the subgrid structure. Upon cooling, a bond is formed between the screen element and the subgrid structure. The need to have an optically transparent screen element places constraints on material compositions used to generate screen elements. In this regard, glass fibers that are transparent may be used as reinforcing filler material. However, other filler materials such as carbon fibers should not be used as they are not transparent.

The embodiments of FIGS. 75A to 76C may use joining methods other than laser welding, such as gluing, as described above. Thus, using joining techniques that do not rely on laser welding removes the restriction that the screen elements should be optically transparent. In this regard, a wider selection of materials may be used to generate screen elements, such as carbon fibers mentioned above. Filler materials are generally used to strengthen material properties of screen elements; however, the presence of filler materials and other additives tends to degrade cut, abrasion, and tear resistance, properties of the material. Thus, depending on the support structure, the screen element may need more or less filler material. Therefore, certain material properties, such as cut, abrasion, and tear resistance, may be improved in situations requiring less filler material. For example, higher temperatures (e.g., >54° C. for mining operations, >90° C. for oil and gas operations) generally require more filler material to improve material strength. For situations involving lower temperatures and stronger support structures, however, less filler material may needed. For such situations, material properties such as cut, abrasion, and tear resistance, may be improved.

There are many ways to generate screening assemblies using support structures in embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 75A to 76C. For example, screen elements 786 may be attached to support structures illustrated in FIGS. 75A to 76C using automated processes, such as using robotic devices to generate screening assemblies. Further, although screening assemblies generated using subgrid structures (e.g., such as illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 4A, 10, 10A, 11, 11A, 22, 22A, 23 to 24D, 34, 35, 49 to 57A, 59 to 63A, 64 to 65A, 67 to 68A, and 71 to 72C) may be replaceable and removable, some screening assemblies may be permanently or semi-permanently attached to screening machines. For example, screening assemblies constructed using support structures illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 75A to 76C may be bolted or welded into a screening machine as a semi-permanent or permanent structure. Alternatively, embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 75A to 76C may also be configured to be removable and replaceable components of screening machines.

Many of the above-described embodiment subgrids have location members 444 and fusion bars 476 and 478 (e.g., see FIGS. 49, 59, 51, 52-55, 57, 59-65, 68, and 71-71B). Similarly, many of the above-described screen elements have location apertures, 424 and 524, and cavity pockets 472 (e.g., see FIGS. 45A-45E, 46, 48B, 48C, 66B, 66C, and 70A). According to the above-described embodiments, screen elements are aligned with subgrids by inserting location members 444 (of subgrids) into location apertures, 424 and 524 (of screen elements), so that fusion bars, 476 and 478 (of subgrids) reside within cavity pockets 472 (of screen elements). Screen elements may then attached to subgrids by melting (e.g., using laser welding, heat staking, etc.) fusion bars, 476 and 478, to fuse with cavity pockets 472 to form a bond.

The presence of location apertures, 424 and 525, in screen elements, however, may present problems when manufacturing screen elements using techniques involving thermoplastic injection molding. In this regard, the presence of location apertures, 424 and 524, may reduce the flow of thermoplastic material during the injection molding process.

FIGS. 77A, 77B, and 77C illustrate new embodiments in which location apertures (e.g., 424 and 525 of FIGS. 45A-45E, 46, 48B, 48C, 66B, 66C, and 70A) are eliminated from screen elements. According to new embodiments illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 77A, 77B, and 77C, cavity pockets and fusion bars may be re-designed to play a role formerly played by location apertures and location members, respectively, thus eliminating the need for separate location apertures in screen elements and location members in subgrids. FIG. 77A illustrates an embodiment fusion bar 544 having sharp corners 546 a and 546 b. FIG. 77B illustrates an embodiment cavity pocket having first 574 a and second 574 b approximately flat internal surfaces. Cavity pocket 572 is designed to be slightly larger than fusion bar 544 so that fusion bar 544 may fit within the shape of cavity pocket 572 when a screen element having cavity pocket 572 is place over a subgrid having fusion bar 544, as illustrated in FIG. 77C.

FIG. 77C illustrates an embodiment in which cavity pocket 572 acts as a location aperture and fusion bar 544 acts as a location member. In this regard, sharp points, 546 a and 546 b, of fusion bar 572 make contact with respective approximately flat internal surfaces 574 a and 574 b of cavity pocket 572. The size and shape of fusion bar 544 allows fusion bar 544 to make close contact with internal surfaces, 546 a and 546 b, of cavity pocket 572. According to this design, there is little freedom for relative motion between cavity pocket 572 and fusion bar 544. Thus, as shown in FIG. 77C, screen element may be properly aligned on a subgrid through the close tolerance of the alignment between fusion bar 544 and cavity pocket 572. In this regard, the need for separate location members and location apertures is eliminated.

The various screening assemblies described above are configured to be self-supporting, stand-alone structures that may be installed in a vibratory screening machine. In the embodiments of FIGS. 75A to 76C, screen elements are supported by rail structures (e.g., see FIG. 75A), plate structures (e.g., see FIGS. 75B, 76, and 76A), corrugated punched plates (e.g., see FIG. 76B), and frame structures (e.g., see FIG. 76C). Screening assemblies involving subgrid structures (e.g., see FIGS. 3 to 4A, 10, 10A, 11, 11A, 22, 22A, 23 to 24D, 34 , 35, 49 to 57A, 59 to 63A, 64 to 65A, 67 to 68A, and 71 to 72C) are self-supporting due to the mechanical properties of the interconnected array of subgrids. Subgrids are configured to have sufficient stiffness to be self-supporting under compression in open areas between support structures (e.g., see support structures in FIGS. 17 and 33 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,027,760) of vibrational screening machines, while having stiffness that is not so great as to prevent deformation to allow the screen assembly to conform with shaker machine bed, as described in greater detail below.

As described above, subgrids may be held together via clips (e.g., clips 42 of FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D; clips 142 of FIG. 60 ; clips 242 of FIG. 63 ; etc.) and clip apertures 40 (e.g., see FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D). The clips illustrated in FIGS. 63C and 63D, are configured to reduce relative rotation of subgrids and to thereby make a tight assembly that is self-supporting. Such self-supporting, stand-alone structures may be removably installed in a vibratory screening machine. FIGS. 1 to 1B, 7, 7A, 8, 19 to 21, 25, 47, 58 and 69 illustrate such self-supporting, stand-alone structures that may be installed in various vibratory screening machines such as screening machines illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 12B, 13, 13A, 14, 15, 27, 30 to 32, and 39 , and described in greater detail above.

In various embodiments, self-supporting, stand-alone, screening assemblies may be installed in a vibratory screening machine and held in place under compression. As such, screening assemblies such as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 1B, 7, 8, 19 to 21, 25, 47, 58 and 69 include binder bars 12. Binder bars 12 may be configured to receive compression forces from a compression assembly (e.g., see FIG. 12B) as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394. In various embodiments, binder bars 12 may be fabricated using various materials. For example, binder bars 12 may be made of: aluminum, carbon steel, 70% glass fiber in nylon, etc. Generating binder bars 12 using injection molding of glass-in-nylon materials may avoid manufacturing problems that would otherwise arise with casting complicated shapes from aluminum or other metals. A compression force may be applied to a binder bar 12 or a side member of the screen assembly such that the screen assembly deflects downward into a concave shape as shown, for example, in FIGS. 12 to 12B, 13, 13A, and 14 . A bottom side of the screen assembly may mate with a screen assembly mating surface of the vibratory screening machine as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,578,394 and 8,443,984.

FIG. 78A illustrates a side view of a compression assembly 7800 configured to apply a compressive force to a screen assembly 7806 via a binder bar 7808, according to an embodiment. In this example, compression assembly 7800 includes a spring 7802 that applies a compressive force to a pin 7804. In turn, pin 7804 transfers the compressive force to screen assembly 7806 via binder bar 7808. In this example, pin 7804 engages binder bar 7808 at a downward angle of approximately 12 degrees. In other embodiments, pin 7804 may engage binder bar 7808 at different angles. As shown, pin 7804 contacts an edge of binder bar 7808 and binder bar 7808 distributes the compressive load across screen assembly 7806. A compression assembly 7800 may have a plurality of pins 7804 that transfer a compressive force to screen assembly 7806.

A screening machine such as shown in FIGS. 12, 12A, and 12B, and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394, for example, may have three pins 7804 per side, while a screening machine such as shown in FIGS. 13, 13A, and 15 , and described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,027,760, for example, may have four pins 7804 per side. Other embodiments may have different numbers of pins 7804 per side. For example, vibratory screening machines may be configured to have 5, 6, etc., pins 7804 per side. Pins 7804 may be configured to engage with a binder bar (e.g., binder bar 12 of FIGS. 1, 5A, and 8 ; binder bar 7808 of FIGS. 78A, and 78B to 78D; etc.) via a groove or undercut edge (e.g., see FIGS. 78B to 78D below) to form a secure mechanical coupling between pins 7804 and a binder bar.

FIG. 78B illustrates a first perspective view of binder bar 7808 of FIG. 78A, according to an embodiment. As shown, binder bar 7808 may include clip apertures 40 and clips 42 such that binder bar 7808 may be clipped to a side of an assembly of screen panels (e.g., see FIG. 9 ). Other types of clips (e.g., clips 142 of FIG. 60 , clips 242 of FIG. 63 , etc.) may be used in other embodiments. As with subgrids, fasteners on the binder bar 7808 are shown as clips (e.g., clips 42, 142, 242, etc.) and clip apertures 40 but other fasteners may be utilized to engage fasteners of the subgrids in further embodiments.

Binder bar 7808 may be fabricated using various materials. For example, binder bar 7808 may be made of: aluminum, carbon steel, 70% glass fiber in nylon, etc. Generating binder bars 7808 using injection molding of glass-in-nylon materials may avoid manufacturing problems that would otherwise arise with casting complicated shapes from aluminum or other metals. A compression force may be applied to a binder bar 7808 such that screen assembly 7806 (e.g., see FIG. 78A) deflects downward into a concave shape as shown, for example, in FIGS. 12 to 12B, 13, 13A, 14, and 78A, and described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 78E. Binder bar 7808 further includes an undercut edge 7810 that may be configured to engage with pin 7804 (e.g., see FIG. 78A), as described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 78C and 78D.

FIG. 78C illustrates a second perspective view of binder bar 7808 of FIGS. 78A and 78B, according to an embodiment. In this view, undercut edge 7810 forms a concave wedge-shaped region running along a length of binder bar 7808. Under a compressive force, pin 7804 (e.g., see FIG. 78A) is configured to mechanically engage with undercut edge 7810 to thereby transmit the compressive force to screen assembly 7806. As described above, compression assembly 7800 may include a plurality of pins 7804 that may be configured to engage binder bar 7808 by making mechanical contact with undercut edge 7810 of binder bar 7808 at various points along undercut edge 7810.

FIG. 78D illustrates an end view of binder bar 7808 of FIGS. 78A to 78C, according to an embodiment. This view illustrates a cross-sectional shape of binder bar 7808 in which clip 42 and undercut edge 7810 are shown. Other embodiments may include binder bars having other shapes. The shape of binder bar 7808 may be configured based on a size and shape of screen assembly 7806 (e.g., see FIGS. 78A and 78E) and based on a compressive force that is designed to be imposed on screen assembly 7806 via compression assembly 7800 (e.g., see FIG. 78A). For a given compressive force, binder bar 7808 may be designed to have a shape and size to mechanically support imposed forces. Further, a position of undercut edge 7808 may be chosen such that a predetermined force imposed by pins 7804 generates appropriately designed forces and torques on binder bar 7808. For example, as described above, the force imposed by pins 7804 forces screen assembly to bend into a concave shape which requires forces and torques to be properly balanced.

FIG. 78E illustrates a screen assembly 7806 installed in a vibratory screening machine, according to an embodiment. As described above with reference to FIG. 78A, the vibratory screening machine of FIG. 78E includes a compression assembly 7800 that applies a compressive force to binder bar 7808 that is attached to a first end 7812 a of screen assembly 7806. In this example, screen assembly 7806 is mechanically constrained at a second end 7812 b. Because screen assembly 7806 is constrained at the second end 7812 b, a force applied by compression assembly 7800 to first end 7812 a causes screen assembly 7806 to deform. Compression assemblies may generate compression forces on the order of 2,000 lb to 5,000 lb per pin 7804. Such compression forces act to deform a shape of screen assembly 7806 from a starting shape to a deformed shape that conforms to a shape of a mating surface 7906 of the vibratory screening machine.

Self-supporting, stand-alone, screening assemblies may be configured to have a starting shape that includes a slight arc as shown, for example, in FIGS. 1, 1B, 7A, and 8 . As shown in FIG. 7A, for example, the subgrids may have subgrid support members 48 configured such that screen assembly has a slightly concave shape when the subgrid support members 48 are fastened to each other via clips 42 and clip apertures 40 (e.g., see FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D). Other types of clips (e.g., clips 142 of FIG. 60 , clips 242 of FIG. 63 , etc.) may be used in other embodiments. Because screen assembly 7806 (e.g., see FIGS. 78A and 78E) is constructed with a slightly concave shape it may be configured to deform to a desired concavity upon application of a compression load without a need to guide the screen assembly into a concave shape (e.g., see FIG. 78E). Alternatively, in other embodiments, subgrids may be configured to create a slightly convex screen assembly (e.g., see FIG. 20 ) or a substantially flat screen assembly (e.g., see FIG. 19 ).

FIG. 79 illustrates an edge view 7900 of a surface of an uncompressed screen assembly 7806, having a first radius of curvature 7904, positioned over a mating surface 7906, of a vibratory screening machine, the mating surface 7906 having a second radius of curvature 7908, according to an embodiment. In this example, first radius of curvature 7904 is larger than the second radius of curvature 7908. During installation, assembly 7806 may be placed over mating surface 7906 of a screening bed of a vibratory screening machine, as shown in FIGS. 78E and 79 . In this configuration, a small separation 7910 exists between the screen assembly 7806 and the mating surface 7906 due to the difference in radius of curvature of screen assembly 7806 relative to that of the mating surface 7906. In some embodiments, separation 7910 may be as large as a half inch. Other separations may be generated in other embodiments. Compressive forces generated by compression assembly 7800 (e.g., see FIGS. 78A and 78E) may then cause screen assembly 7806 to deform into a deformed shape in which the radius of curvature 7904 of the deformed shape is approximately equal to the radius of curvature 7908 of the mating surface 7906 (e.g., see FIG. 78E). In this way, the compression assembly 7800 forces screen assembly 7806 to conform to the shape of the mating surface 7906.

Various embodiments may employ screening assemblies 7806 and mating surfaces 7906 with various shapes. For example, a screening machine such as shown in FIGS. 12, 12A, and 12B, and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394, for example, may have a mating surface 7906 that has a radius of curvature 7908 of approximately 50 inches. Alternatively, a screening machine such as shown in FIGS. 13, 13A, and 15 , and described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,027,760, for example, may have a radius of curvature 7908 of approximately 75 inches. Embodiments having a smaller radius of curvature and shorter width screening assemblies (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 12, 12A, and 12B, and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394) are generally are easier to secure (i.e., require lower compressive forces) relative to embodiments having larger radius of curvature and longer width screening assemblies (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 13, 13A, and 15 , and described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,027,760).

As described above, subgrids may be held together via clips (e.g., clips 42 of FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D; clips 142 of FIG. 60 ; clips 242 of FIG. 63 ; etc.) and clip apertures 40 (e.g., see FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D). In certain embodiments, clips 142 and 242 (e.g., see FIGS. 60, 63C, and 63D) may be configured to reduce relative rotation of subgrids and to thereby make a tight assembly that is self-supporting. Further, clips 42, 142, 242 and clip apertures 40 may be configured to give a screen assembly a pre-determined radius of curvature of the resulting self-supporting, stand-alone structures. Clip apertures 40 and clips 142 and 242, described above with reference to FIGS. 60, 63C, and 63D may be further configured to allow deformation of the screen assembly under compression that is needed to force an initial shape of the screen assembly into the deformed screen assembly that conforms to the shape of the mating surface (e.g., see FIGS. 78A and 78E), as described above. In embodiments in which screening assemblies are secured with compressive forces, a screen assembly may have either a nominally flat surface (albeit with a slight curvature) as shown, for example, in FIGS. 1, 1B, 7A, and 8 , or screening assemblies may have a pyramidal shape as shown, for example, in FIGS. 21, 25B, 27, and 30 to 32 . In contrast, conventional metal screens may only support pyramidal screens under compression.

Screening assemblies that include subgrids may suffer additional deformation under compression. For example, subgrids that are made of thermoplastic or nylon may suffer creep deformation under compression and may thereby shrink in size over time. Further, deformation may be enhanced in high temperature environments, for example, with temperatures up to approximately 190° F. Under such conditions, subgrids become more malleable and may more-readily deform under compression. In the presence of creep deformation, a constant compressive force may be maintained through the use of compression assemblies 7800 (e.g., see FIG. 78A) that impose adjustable spring-loaded forces. In this regard, springs (e.g., spring 7802 of FIG. 78A) generally impose a force that is a linear function of the degree of deformation of the spring. Thus, as screening assemblies shrink under creep, an applied compressive force may be adjusted by adjusting the degree of deformation of the spring, as described in greater detail below. Alternatively, when a screen assembly is installed, the compression assembly 7800 (e.g., see FIG. 78A) may be adjusted to pre-compensate for creep, as described in greater detail below.

Spring rate (also called “spring constant”) is the proportion of a spring's force (pounds or Newtons) to one unit of deformation (inch or millimeter). It is a constant value that determines a force needed to compress the spring (e.g., spring 7802 of FIG. 78A) by a certain distance and, equivalently, determines a compressive deformation that is required to generate a specified force. In this regard, when a screen assembly deforms under creep, the applied compressive force decreases due to the corresponding deformation (i.e., relaxation) of the spring. A pre-determined applied compressive force may be restored, however, by imposing a corresponding additional deformation (i.e., compression) of the spring by adjusting a position the compression assembly. Alternatively, when a screen assembly is installed, the compression assembly 7800 (e.g., see FIG. 78A) may be adjusted to pre-compensate for creep. In this regard, the springs may be initially deformed to an extent greater than that needed to generate a minimum pre-determined force. In this way, although the compressive force decreases over time as the screen assembly shrinks under creep, the imposed force may be maintained above the pre-determined minimum force.

Spring rate is a value measured in either pounds per inch (in the royal system) or Newtons per millimeter (in the metric system). As such, an un-stretched spring measuring 0.250″, having a spring rate of 15 lb/in, may be deformed by an amount 0.050 inches by applying a force of 0.75 lbs. Similarly, a creep deformation of 0.050 inches would lead to a reduction in compressive force by 0.75 lbs. As described above, the force may then be restored by adjusting the compression assembly to impose a further 0.050 inch compression of the spring to restore the force. Alternatively, the compression assembly 7800 (e.g., see FIG. 78A) may be adjusted to pre-compensate for creep, as described above.

In certain applications, screening assemblies may suffer additional deformations that may offset creep deformation. In this regard, in wet screening applications, subgrid materials such as nylon may absorb liquid and expand. The expansion due to swelling may offset the effects of creep. In certain embodiments, the effect of swelling may dominate the tendency for subgrids to shrink under creep. In this case, as subgrids swell, compression forces may increase due to the corresponding increased deformation of springs of the compression assembly. In such cases, the compression force may thereby be reduced by adjusting the compression assembly to reduce compression of the springs. In this way, the compression force may be restored to a pre-determined value. In situations in which swelling is expected to dominate creep deformation, screening assemblies may be installed by imposing compressive forces that are less than a desired pre-determined value, with the knowledge that the compressive forces will increase over time to the desired pre-determined value due to swelling.

Screening assemblies have been described above as generally having a rectangular shape. However, the shape of screening assemblies need not be so limited. For example, other embodiments may include screening assemblies having a perimeter that is any closed smooth or piecewise-smooth curve. For example, a screen assembly may have a perimeter that is a circle, square, rectangle, triangle, pentagon, hexagon, or other multi-sided pentagon. In other embodiments, the perimeter need not have any specific symmetry and may be an asymmetric smooth or piecewise smooth curve. In this regard, a frame of any shape (e.g., circular, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc.) may be used as a substrate on which a screen assembly may be attached. According to an embodiment, a screen assembly may be a TPU based screen assembly that is supported by a subgrid structure. The screen assembly may include individual screen and sub grid assemblies that are snapped together to form a multi-piece assembly to cover or encompass an inside area of the frame. The frame may be any metallic or non-metallic material that provides suitable mechanical support for the screen assembly. The outside shape of the screen assembly may then be cut to generate a shape that matches a shape of a perimeter of the frame. The resulting screen assembly, having a shape similar to the frame, may then be bonded to the frame, clamped to the frame, or otherwise secured by the frame.

FIG. 80A illustrates a circular screen assembly 8000, according to an embodiment. In this example, a self-supporting, stand-alone screen assembly such as shown in FIG. 1 may be cut into a circle. Cutting of a stand-alone screen assembly (e.g., such as shown in FIG. 1 ) may be accomplished using various cutting techniques. For example, a mechanical saw may be used. The resulting circular screen assembly 8000 may then be mounted to a circular frame 8002 for use in various screening applications. As shown in FIG. 80A, circular screen assembly 8000 includes a plurality of subgrids 8004 that are attached to one another. For example, subgrids 8004 may be attached to one another via clips (e.g., clips 42 of FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D; clips 142 of FIG. 60 ; clips 242 of FIG. 63 ; etc.) and clip apertures 40 (e.g., see FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D).

Subgrids may be attached to one another in a staggered configuration as shown, for example, by the sets 8006 a and 8006 b of connected subgrids in FIG. 80A, and described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 80E and 80F. In this example, the stand-alone screen assembly includes first 8008 a and second 8008 b portions that are separated by a support structure 8010. First 8008 a and second 8008 b portions may be generated as semi-circular screening assemblies cut from a stand-alone screen assembly such as shown in FIG. 1 , as described in greater detail below.

FIG. 80B illustrates a perspective top view of circular screen assembly 8000 of FIG. 80A, according to an embodiment. As described above, circular screen assembly 8000 includes circular frame 8002 and support structure 8010. Screen assembly 8000 includes first 8008 a and second 8008 b semi-circular portions that are separated by a support structure 8010, as described above with reference to FIG. 80A. Circular frame 8002 and support structure 8010 provide mechanical support for first 8008 a and second 8008 b semi-circular portions.

FIG. 80C illustrates a perspective bottom view of circular screen assembly 8000 of FIGS. 80A and 80B, according to an embodiment. As shown, circular frame 8002 may be configured to have an extended overhang or lip 8012 that may be configured to engage a support structure of a vibratory screening machine. For example, circular screen assembly 8000 may be removably installed in a corresponding circular hole (not shown) of a support structure of a vibratory screening machine. Upon installation, overhang 8012 may engage with a corresponding circular support portion of the vibratory screening machine to thereby support circular screen assembly 8000 in the vibratory screening machine. Circular screen assembly 8000 may then be secured to the vibratory screening machine using clamps, fasteners, etc. Circular frame 8002 may include a plurality of circular arc segments that may be assembled to form frame 8002, as described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 80D. Circular frame 8002 and support structure 8010 (also see FIGS. 80A and 80B) may be made of aluminum, carbon steel, 70% glass fiber in nylon, etc., or any other suitable structural material.

FIG. 80D illustrates a top view of structural support components 8014 for circular screen assembly 8000 of FIGS. 80A, 80B, and 80C, according to an embodiment. Structural support components 8014 include a circular arc 8016, two components 8016 a and 8016 b of support structure 8010 (e.g., see FIGS. 80A to 80C), and a weld on rib 8018. In this example, circular arc 8016 may be combined with three similar additional circular arcs (not shown) to form circular frame 8002 (e.g., see FIGS. 80A to 80C). In this regard, circular arcs 8016 may be configured to be attached to one another to form circular frame 8002. Circular arcs 8016 may be configured to be snapped together or may be held together with various fasteners, clamps, etc. In some embodiments, circular arcs 8016 may be combined and attached together via welding. For example, weld on rib 8018 may be used to fasten circular arcs 8016 together. Further, components 8016 a and 8016 b may form top and bottom components of support structure 8010. Components 8016 a and 8016 b may be configured to be snapped together, or to be clamped, fastened, etc., to form support structure 8010.

Subgrids 8004 (e.g., see FIG. 80A) may support a corresponding plurality of screening structures (e.g., screen element 416 of FIG. 75A, screen elements 516 a and 516 b of FIG. 75B, etc.) that may be injection molded structures including TPU. Such screen elements may include surface elements 84 separated by a series of screening openings 86, as described above with reference to FIG. 2D. According to an embodiment, circular screen assembly 8000 (e.g., see FIGS. 80A to 80C) may have a diameter of up to 18 inches. Other sizes of screening assemblies may be provided in other embodiments. For example, circular screen assembly 8000 may have a diameter: in a range from approximately 18 inches to approximately 72 inches; in a range from approximately 24 inches to approximately 66 inches; in a range from approximately 30 inches to approximately 60 inches; in a range from approximately 36 inches to approximately 54 inches; in a range from approximately 42 inches to approximately 48 inches; etc. The disclosure is not limited by the disclosed diameters of screen assembly 8000, and other embodiments have additional diameters or ranges of diameters as needed for specific applications.

As with other screening assemblies, circular screen assembly 8000 of FIGS. 80A to 80C (having TPU screen elements) may exhibit increased life due to the inherent abrasion and cut resistant properties of TPU relative to screens made of non-TPU materials. Circular screen assembly 8000 may further exhibit anti-blinding properties due to the high relief angle design of TPU screening openings, as described above in the context of other embodiments (e.g., see FIG. 74D and related description). Further, circular screen assembly 8000 is configured to be self-supporting and has an advantage in that it does not need to be stretched in any direction in order to be used in screening applications. It may simply be attached or otherwise secured to an appropriately shaped frame. As such, circular screen assembly 8000 would thereby be configured for various screening applications without further support structures.

FIG. 80E illustrates a top view of an example subgrid 8020 that may be combined with other similar subgrids to form a screen assembly, according to an embodiment. Subgrid 8020 is similar to subgrids 718, described above with reference to FIGS. 64 and 64A, subgrids 818, described above with reference to FIGS. 65 and 65A, and subgrids 8004, described above with reference to FIG. 80A. In this example, subgrid 8020 is shown without clips (e.g., clips 42 of FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D; clips 142 of FIG. 60 ; clips 242 of FIG. 63 ; etc.) for simplicity. Subgrid 8020 may have a width of 2 and 118th inches, and a length of 5 and 9116th inches. Other embodiments may have other dimensions for similar features. As mentioned above, with reference to FIG. 80A, subgrids 8020 may be combined with other subgrids 8020 to form a self-supporting, stand-alone screen assembly such as shown in FIG. 1 , which may be cut into a circle (or into semi-circles 8008 a and 8008 b of FIG. 80A) to generate circular screen assembly 8000. Subgrids may be combined in a staggered orientation, as shown by sets 8006 a and 8006 b of connected subgrids in FIG. 80A, and described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 80F.

FIG. 80F illustrates a top view of three subgrids 8020 a, 8020 b, and 8020 c that are combined in a staggered arrangement 8022, according to an embodiment. In this arrangement 8022, subgrid 8020 b is displaced along a longitudinal axis relative to subgrid 8020 a. Similarly, subgrid 8020 c is displaced relative to subgrid 8020 b. The displacement of subgrid 8020 c relative to subgrid 8020 b is opposite to the displacement of subgrid 8020 b relative to subgrid 8020 a. In this way, subgrids 8020 a and 8020 c are aligned with one another but are each displaced relative to subgrid 8020 b. Displacing subgrids 8020 a to 8020 c in this way may lead to an arrangement 8022 having greater mechanical strength relative other arrangements.

This disclosure is not limited to arrangement 8022, however, and many other arrangements are possible in other embodiments. Arrangement 8022 may have an overall length of 13 and 31/32 inches and a width of 6 and ⅜ inches. These example dimensions are based on the dimensions of subgrid 8020 of FIG. 80E. Other embodiments may have other dimensions for similar features. Subgrids 8020 a to 8020 c may be attached to one another using various types of mechanical fasteners. For example, 8020 a to 8020 c may be attached to one another using clips (e.g., clips 42 of FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D; clips 142 of FIG. 60 ; clips 242 of FIG. 63 ; etc.) and clip apertures 40 (e.g., see FIGS. 11, 11A, 63B, 63C, and 63D). In further embodiments, subgrids 8020 a to 8020 c may be attached to one another via gluing, welding, etc.

FIG. 80G illustrates a cross-sectional view of the staggered arrangement 8022 of subgrids shown in FIG. 80F, according to an embodiment. The cross sectional view of FIG. 80G is based on the cross section 80G-80G defined in FIG. 80F. As shown in FIG. 80G, subgrid 8020 b is displaced relative to subgrids 8020 a and 8020 b. In the view of FIG. 80G, subgrid 8020 b is shown closer to the foreground while subgrids 8020 a and 8020 c are shown closer to the background of FIG. 80G. This view is consistent with the displacement of subgrid 8020 b relative to subgrids 8020 a and 8020 c described above with reference to FIG. 80F. As mentioned above, other arrangements of subgrids are possible in other embodiments.

The circular screen assembly 8000 of FIGS. 80A to 80C is only one possible shape provided by disclosed embodiments. In further embodiments, other shaped screening assemblies may be constructed in a similar manner. For example, oval, triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc., screening assemblies may be generated by starting with a self-supporting, stand-alone screen assembly, such as shown in FIG. 1 . For example, a triangular shaped screen assembly may be generated by cutting the screen assembly of FIG. 1 into a triangular shape as described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 80H.

FIG. 80H illustrates a triangular arrangement 8024 of subgrids used to generate a triangular screen assembly, according to an embodiment. Arrangement 8024 may be generated by attaching a plurality of subgrids (e.g., subgrids 8020 of FIGS. 80E and 80F, subgrids 8004 of FIG. 80A, etc.) together to form arrangement 8024, as shown. Triangular arrangement 8024 may then be cut along cut lines 8026 a and 8026 b to remove jagged edges formed by edges of individual subgrids. Cutting along cut lines 8026 a and 8026 b generates a triangular screen assembly having smooth edges. As mentioned above, cutting may be performed using various cutting techniques including cutting with a mechanical saw, cutting using a laser cutting process, etc. Screen elements 416 (e.g., see FIGS. 48 to 48C), 516 (e.g., see FIGS. 66 to 66C), etc., may be attached to subgrids (e.g., subgrids 8020 of FIGS. 80E and 80F, subgrids 8004 of FIG. 80A, etc.) prior to cutting arrangement 8024 along cut lines 8026 a and 8026 b. The resulting triangular screen assembly may be supported by a frame, as described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 80I and 80J.

FIG. 80I illustrates a triangular screen assembly 8028 including a triangular support frame 8030, according to an embodiment. Screen assembly 8028 includes the triangular arrangement 8024 of subgrids (optionally having screen elements attached) that has been cut as described above with reference to FIG. 80H. Triangular arrangement 8024 of subgrids is supported by a triangular support frame 8030. As with the circular frame 8002, described above with reference to FIGS. 80A to 80D, triangular support frame 8030 may include several components that may be coupled together to form triangular support frame 8030. For example, triangular support frame 8030 may have a first frame piece 8032 a, a second frame piece 8032 b, and a third frame piece 8032 c. Frame pieces 8032 a to 8032 c may be configured to be snapped together or may be coupled together using various fasteners, clamps, etc. In further embodiments, frame pieces 8032 a to 8032 c may be bonded together using glue or adhesive, may be welded together, etc.

FIG. 80J illustrates an enlarged view of the triangular screen assembly 8028 of FIG. 80I, according to an embodiment. Frame pieces 8032 b and 8032 c are shown coupled together along a joining line 8034. As shown, frame pieces 8032 b and 8032 c may include coupling features 8036 that may allow frame pieces 8032 b and 8032 c to be snapped together to form a mechanical connection between frame pieces 8032 b and 8032 c. Flat edges of frame pieces 8032 a to 8032 c may be configured to engage with a support structure (not shown) of a vibratory screening machine, as described above with reference to FIG. 80C in the context of the circular screen assembly 8000. As such, flat portions of frame pieces 8032 c to 8032 c may be configured as an extended overhang or lip that is configured to make contact with a corresponding flat surface (not shown) of a support structure. For example, a support structure (not shown) of a vibratory screening machine may have a triangularly-shaped hole that is smaller than an outer perimeter of triangular frame pieces 8032 a to 8032 c such that triangular screen assembly 8028 is secured by mechanical contact between flat edges of frame pieces 8032 a to 8032 c that come in contact with a corresponding flat surface (not shown) of a support structure. Frame pieces 8032 a to 8032 c may be made of aluminum, carbon steel, 70% glass fiber in nylon, etc., or any other suitable structural material. A similar process may be used to generate screening assemblies having other shapes.

In certain screening applications, it may be advantageous to adapt or alter an amount of, and location of, attachment of screen elements to subgrids. As described above with reference to FIGS. 67 and 67A, a screen element 516 may be attached to a subgrid 718. For example, screen element 516 may be attached to subgrid 718 via laser welding. In this regard, fusion bars 476 may engage with corresponding cavity pockets 472 (e.g., see FIGS. 66B and 66C) of screen element 516. Application of laser radiation may then be used to melt fusion bars 476 to thereby form a bond between screen element 516 and subgrid 718. In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to melt all of the fusion bars 476 to thereby form a tight connection between screen element 516 and subgrid 718. In other embodiments, it may be advantageous to laser weld only a sub-set of fusion bars 476 to thereby form a less-tight connection between screen element 516 and subgrid 718. Points at which fusion bars 476 are not laser welded to subgrid 718 allow motion of screen element 516 relative to subgrid 718, as described in greater detail below.

FIG. 81 illustrates a top view of a screen element and frame assembly 8100 with various regions 8101 to 8120 that may be laser welded to an underlying subgrid, according to an embodiment. As described above, laser welding all of regions 8101 to 8120 leads to a strong binding between screen element 8100 and subgrid. Such a fully-welded configuration allows little relative motion between screen element 8100 and the underlying subgrid. In further configurations, some of the potential laser weld locations (i.e., some of regions 8101 to 8120) may be left un-welded to allow relative motion between screen element 8100 and the underlying subgrid.

In a first example application, a screen element fully bonded to a subgrid would be desirable for a situation in which a screening operation is needed to be performed for dewatering of a high-solids slurry. In such an application, it would be desirable to assure that the screen is completely and securely attached to the support subgrid. In this regard, screen element 8100 may be laser welded to the underlying subgrid around a perimeter and across the middle of the screen element including laser welding all regions 8101 to 8120. Such a configuration would allow the assembly (screen and subgrid) to move as a rigid unit in unison with vibrating motion of the vibrating screening machine. This is especially useful when dewatering heavy solids at high flow rates and at high accelerations (i.e., high G forces). Such solids must be moved quickly along a screening surface. This sometimes occurs at high G forces or large amplitudes of motion at the screen surface. In such a situation, any relative movement of the subgrid and screen surface that is not in sync with the vibrating screening machine may cause a reduction in conveyance of solids and, in turn, a reduction in a flow of material through the screen.

In other situations, it may be desirable to have a screen element that is not fully laser-welded to the underlying subgrid. As such, during operation, relative motion (i.e., 2^(nd) order movement) between the screen element and the subgrid may be beneficial. For example, in a dry screening or sifting application (i.e., attrition screening) a 2^(nd) order movement or vibration of the screen element or surface relative to the subgrid may aid in de-blinding of the screen (i.e., removing particles that may in certain situations become stuck in screen openings). A slight vertical impact or force could be applied in order to dislodge particles that are transitionally retained in the tapered screen openings. Such a situation may occur, for example, in square or slotted screen openings.

For this type of application, it may be beneficial to generate a partially bonded screen element in screen element and frame assembly 8100 (e.g., see FIG. 81 ) by bonding (e.g., via laser welding) regions 8105, 8106, 8107, 8101, 8109, 8110, 8112, 8113, 8115, 8116, 8117, and 8120, while leaving regions 8102, 8103, 8104, 8108, 8111, 8114, 8118, and 8119 un-bonded. Such a configuration would allow vertical movement of the screen element surface and would aid in dislodging transitionally retained particles form screen element openings due to impacts between screen element 8100 and a surface of the subgrid.

FIG. 82 illustrates a vibrational amplitude profile of a screen element 8100 that is partially bonded to a subgrid 8200, according to an embodiment. In this example, screen element 8100 is bonded to subgrid 8200 to allow movement in only one direction perpendicular to a surface of subgrid 8200. In this configuration, vibrational motion of screen element 8100 relative to subgrid 8200 occurs in a direction perpendicular to the surface of subgrid 8200 such that the amplitude has maxima at first 8202 a and second locations 8202 b, as shown in FIG. 82 . Further, screen element 8100 is bonded to have zero amplitude of relative motion at first 8204 a, second 8204 b, and third 8204 c locations such that screen element 8100 moves rigidly with subgrid 8200 at these locations. In this example, vertical motion causes screen element 8100 to pull away from subgrid 8200 on an up stoke and to impact subgrid 8200 on a down stroke. As described above, such motion may be useful in dry screening application to aid in de-blinding.

In addition to a bonding configuration of screen element 8100 to subgrid 8200 (e.g., see FIGS. 81 and 82 ), material properties of subgrid 8200 may influence relative motion of screen 8100 and subgrid. For example, subgrids 8200 may be configured to be more or less rigid based on thickness and the types of materials used to construct subgrid 8200. As such, it may be desirable to have a subgrid 8200 that is more rigid for applications in which screen element 8100 is tightly bonded to subgrid 8200. Alternatively, in other applications, it may be advantageous to have subgrids 8200 that are less rigid to allow more relative motion between subgrid 8200 and partially bonded screen element 8100. Further, toughness of subgrid materials may influence relative motion of screen element 8100 and subgrid 8200 due to the relative tendency of subgrid materials to absorb more/less vibrational energy for materials having greater/lesser toughness.

FIG. 83 illustrates an example attrition screening machine 8300, according to an embodiment. Attrition screening machine 8300 may be used to separate dry materials of various sizes. In this example, attrition screening machine 8300 includes two circular screens 8302 a and 8302 b. A first material 8304 may be introduced into attrition screening machine 8300 through an inlet 8306 of attrition screening machine 8300. First material 8304 may be separated by first screen 8302 a into a first oversized component and a first undersized component. The first oversized component that does not fall through first screen 8302 a may be removed from attrition screening machine 8300 as a first separated material 8308 a through a first outlet 8310 a of attrition screening machine 8300. The first undersized component that falls through first screen 8302 a may be further separated into a second oversized component and a second undersized component. The second oversized component that does not fall through screen 8302 b may be removed from attrition screening machine 8300 as a second separated material 8308 b through a second outlet 8310 b. Lastly, the second undersized component that falls through second screen 8302 b may be removed from attrition screening machine 8300 as a third separated material 8308 c through a third outlet 8310 c of attrition screening machine 8300. Separation of first material 8304 in to first 8308 a, second 8308 b, and 8308 c separated materials may be assisted by vibrations of screens 8302 a and 8302 b that may be provided by a vibratory motor 8312. Other embodiment attrition screening machines may include greater or fewer screens to respectively separate greater or fewer components of an input material.

Attrition screening machine 8300 may use circular screens 8302 a and 8302 b as described above. For example, circular screens 8302 a and 8302 b may be constructed as described above with references to FIGS. 80A to 80F. Further, circular screens 8302 a and 8302 b may include screen elements that are configured to be loosely attached to subgrids, as described above with reference to FIGS. 81 and 82 . Such loose binding of screen elements to subgrids allows relative motion of screen elements with respect to motion of subgrids. Such motion may aid de-blinding of screen elements. In this regard, particulate matter may become lodged in screen openings 86 (e.g., see FIG. 2D) causing blockage of screen openings 86. Such blockage of screen element openings 86 is called screen blinding. Screen blinding reduces a screen's ability to separate particulate materials into an oversized component and an undersized component because a blocked opening 86 fails to allow undersized materials to fall through the screen element. Further embodiments, described below, provide additional systems and methods for screen de-blinding.

As described above, deblinding may refer to the removal of one or more occlusions present in one or more openings of a screen, screen assembly, or material separation apparatus. Particulate matter may lodge in a sifting screen, for example, blocking one or more openings of the sifting screen. The blockage of one or more openings may be referred to as blinding, and the removal of blocking particulate matter may be referred to as deblinding. According disclosed embodiments, deblinding of a sifting screen may rely on collisions of objects with the sifting screen.

A deblinding apparatus may include a support frame, having a rectangular array of support members, and a grid structure (e.g., a metal or plastic grid structure) attached to a first side of the support frame. A plurality of rectangular compartments may be formed when the grid structure is attached to the support frame. In this regard, support members of the support frame forms side-walls of the plurality of rectangular compartments, while portions of the grid structure form bottom surfaces of the rectangular compartments. The deblinding apparatus may further include scattering members disposed within a plurality of the compartments. Such scattering members may be removably affixed to portions of the grid structure that forms bottom surfaces of the rectangular compartments. The scattering members may include rigid objects having elongated shapes (e.g., a strip or a bar) or more symmetric shapes (e.g., a disc or a dome). The deblinding apparatus may further include or more unsecured objects that may be disposed within various compartments.

A screen assembly may be attached to a second side of the support frame to thereby form a screening system having a deblinding apparatus. Attaching the screen assembly to the second side of the support frame causes the rectangular compartments to form three-dimensional closed volumes with portions of the screen assembly forming top surfaces of the closed rectangular compartments. In response to movement of the screening system having the deblinding apparatus, the unsecured objects may collide with scattering members which cause the unsecured scattering members to collide with the screen assembly. Collisions of the unsecured objects with the screen assembly may cause deblinding of the screen assembly, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Sizes, shapes, masses, and morphologies of unsecured objects may be designed to optimize collision rates of unsecured objects with scattering members and with the screen assembly, as described in greater detail below.

The screening system having a deblinding apparatus may be used to separate solid particulate materials from a slurry (i.e., a material having solid particulates dispersed/suspended in a liquid medium), as follows. During operation of the screening system, the slurry may be introduced onto an external side of the screen assembly. Sizes of screen openings may be chosen to separate and remove particles that are larger than screen openings, while allowing smaller particles to pass through the screen along with the liquid medium. A vibratory/oscillatory motion may be imparted to the screening system to cause the liquid material of the slurry and smaller particles to flow through the screen assembly while leaving larger solid particulate materials on the external surface of the screen assembly, thereby separating the larger dispersed solids from the smaller particles and the liquid medium. After flowing through the screen assembly, the liquid medium and smaller particles may further flow out of the screening system through the grid structure.

While screening slurry materials in this way, various occlusions of screen openings may form as larger solid particles become lodged in screen openings. In other words, the screen assembly may become blinded. The presence of the deblinding apparatus, however, tends to deblind the screen during operation of the screening system. In this regard, the vibratory/oscillatory motion imparted to the screening system, to separate the larger particles from the liquid and smaller particles, also causes the unsecured objects to collide with scattering members, and in turn, to collide with the screen assembly. The collisions with the screen assembly tend to remove occluded particles to thereby deblind the screen assembly. Thus, any occlusions that form during operation are quickly removed by the deblinding system to leave the screen assembly effectively deblinded on average.

Disclosed embodiments are not limited to particular placements of scattering members and unsecured objects within the compartments of the deblinding apparatus. Various configurations of scattering members and unsecured objects may be assembled among the compartments of the deblinding apparatus to adjust collision rates of unsecured objects with the screen assembly.

Disclosed deblinding apparatuses may be used for deblinding of screens/screen assemblies such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,584,866; 9,010,539; 9,375,756; 9,403,192 and 9,908,150; each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The disclosed deblinding apparatuses are not limited to use only with screens and screen assemblies of the above-referenced patent documents. Rather, disclosed deblinding apparatuses may be used with other, more conventional, screens and screening systems. In this regard, deblinding apparatuses may be retrofitted for use with existing separation equipment, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. Similar screening assemblies that are configured to de-blind screen elements are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/117,798 (published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0070638 A1), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIG. 84A illustrates a perspective exploded view of a screen assembly 8400 that is configured to facilitate screen de-blinding, according to an embodiment. As shown, screen assembly 8400 has a first screen element 8402 a, a second screen element 8402 b, a support frame 8404, and one or more unsecured objects 8406. In this example, support frame 8404 has four walls and a single internal support structure 8408. First 8402 a and second 8402 b screens may be mounted to respective first and second sides of support frame 8402 to generate an enclosed structure having first 8410 a and second 8410 b compartments. As such, unsecured objects 8406 may be enclosed in one or both compartments 8410 a and 8410 b. When assembled (e.g., see FIG. 84B below), screen assembly 8400 may be used as one component in a screen assembly, such as circular screen assembly 8000 of FIGS. 80A to 80C, triangular screen assembly 8028 of FIGS. 80I and 80J, etc.

During operation, vibrations received from a vibratory screening machine may cause unsecured objects 8406 to move within compartments 8410 a and 8410 b. In this way, unsecured objects 8406 may make collisions with screen elements 8402 a and 8402 b. Such collisions may act to dislodge and thereby remove any particles that may stick to openings 86 (e.g., see FIG. 2D) of screen elements 8402 a and 8402 b. In this way, motion of unsecured objects 8406 may act to de-blind screen elements 8402 a and 8402 b.

FIG. 84B illustrates an assembled view of screen assembly 8400 of FIG. 84A, according to an embodiment. In this view, screen element 8402 a is attached to a top surface of support frame 8404 and screen element 8402 b is attached to a bottom surface of support frame 8404. Screen elements 8402 a and 8402 b may be attached to support frame using many attachment techniques, such as gluing, heat steaking, laser welding, etc., as described in greater detail above. Support frame 8404 may be made of aluminum, carbon steel, 70% glass fiber in nylon, etc., or any other suitable structural material.

FIGS. 85A to 85D show various support frames that may be used to generate screening assemblies that are configured to facilitate screen de-blinding, according to an embodiment. FIG. 85A provides an isolated view of support frame 8404, described above with reference to FIG. 84A. As mentioned above, support frame 8404 includes a single internal support structure 8408. Screen elements 8402 a and 8402 b may be mounted to support frame 8402 (e.g., see FIGS. 84A and 84B) to generate an enclosed structure having first 8410 a and second 8410 b compartments. Unsecured objects (e.g., see objects 8406 of FIG. 84A) may be enclosed in first 8410 a and second 8410 b compartments.

FIG. 85B shows a support frame 8502 having three internal support structures 8503 a, 8503 b, and 8503 c forming four internal compartments 8504 a, 8504 b, 8504 c, and 8504 d. FIG. 85C shows a support frame 8506 having two crossed internal support structures 8508 a and 8508 b forming four internal compartments 8510 a, 8510 b, 8510 c, and 8510 d. FIG. 85D shows a support frame 8512 having four crossed internal support structures 8514 a to 8514 d forming eight internal compartments 8516 a to 8516 h. The various support frames of FIGS. 85A to 85D provide varying degrees of support to screen elements (e.g., screen elements 8402 a and 8402 b of FIG. 84A). Further, the degree to which screen elements 8402 a and 8402 b are bonded to the various support structures of support frames of FIGS. 85A to 85D may be varied to control motion of screen elements 8402 a and 8402 b relative to support frames, as described above with reference to FIGS. 81 and 82 . The choice of support frame may be dictated by the screening application and the degree to which screen elements are designed to allow motion of the screen element relative to the support frame, as described above with reference to FIGS. 81 and 82 .

FIG. 85E illustrates a top view of a screen assembly having support frames and unsecured objects, according to an embodiment. In this example, a plurality of different types of support frames have been combined with screen elements and unsecured objects. The view of FIG. 85E is transparent to allow internal structures (e.g., frame support structures and unsecured objects) to be seen. As shown, a first frame 8518 a has only four walls (i.e., no internal support structures) supporting screen elements. Frame 8518 a provides little support for mounted screen elements and thereby allows considerable movement of screen elements relative to frame 8518 a. As shown, frame 8518 a encloses a single unsecured object 8520 a. A second frame 8518 b includes a single horizontal support structure 8522 a. Frame 8518 b encloses three unsecured objects 8520 b, 8520 c, and 8520 d in two internal compartments. Frame 8518 b is similar to frame 8404 described above with reference to FIGS. 84A, 84B, and 85A.

Frame 8518 c has a single internal support structure 8522 b and differs from frame 8518 b only in the orientation of internal support structure 8522 b. Internal support structure 8522 b defines two internal compartments that house four unsecured objects 8520 e to 8520 h with two unsecured objects per compartment. Frame 8518 d includes two crossed internal support structures 8522 c and 8522 d forming four internal compartments. Frame 8518 d is similar to frame 8506, described above with reference to FIG. 85C. As shown, frame 8518 d encloses four unsecured objects 8520 i, 8520 j, 8520 k, and 85201, with one unsecured object per compartment. As shown in FIG. 85E, various frame structures may be combined in various ways to generate a screen assembly that is configured to de-blind screen elements.

According to an embodiment, an unsecured object (e.g., unsecured objects 8520 a to 85201 of FIG. 85E) may be a substantially cylindrically-symmetric solid having an opening or a through hole (not shown), as described in greater detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/117,798 (published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0070638 A1), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. As such, in some embodiments, an unsecured object may be a solid having a substantially annular cross-section, for example, a substantially circular annulus or a substantially elliptical annulus. As an example, the substantially annular cross-section may have an outer diameter of about 41.3 mm and an inner diameter having a value in a range from about 10.3 mm to about 25.4 mm.

In other embodiments, an unsecured object may be a substantially spherical solid or a substantially ellipsoidal solid. A substantially circular cross-section of such an unsecured object may have a diameter of about 41.3 mm. Regardless a specific shape, the unsecured object may be made of a polymer and may have a mass in a range from about 23 g to about 46 g. The polymer may be or may include, for example, a rubber or a plastic. In some embodiments, the rubber may be silicone rubber, natural rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, a combination of the foregoing, etc.

According to various embodiments, a size, shape, mass, and morphology (e.g., with or without a through-hole) of unsecured impact members may be designed to optimize a collision rate of unsecured objects with screen elements. In this regard, for a given vibrational motion of the screening system, a collision rate of an unsecured object depends on its mass as well as its size relative to a size of a screen assembly. Further, the mass of an unsecured object, for a given size and shape, may be reduced with the introduction of an opening or through hole, and thus the mass may be tuned as needed. The choice of material (e.g., rubber rather than metal, plastic, etc.) may also be optimized to provide de-blinding while reducing a tendency for the unsecured objects to cause damage to the screen assembly through collisions with the screen assembly.

The disclosure is not limited to embodiments having a single unsecured impact member per compartment (e.g., compartments 8410 a and 8410 b of screen assembly 8400 shown in FIG. 84A). Other embodiments may include more than one unsecured impact member per compartment. As mentioned above, compartments of a screen assembly may contain different respective numbers of unsecured impact members. Further, some compartments may have no unsecured objects.

FIG. 86 is a flowchart illustrating a method 8600 of manufacturing a screening apparatus, according to an embodiment. Method 8600 may be used to generate a screening apparatus such as those illustrated in FIGS. 80A to 80J and described in greater detail above. In a first stage 8602, the method includes generating a plurality of screen elements. Screen elements may be generated using various methods. For example, screen elements may be generated by injection molding using a TPU material as described in greater detail above. In stage 8604, the method includes generating a plurality of subgrids. Subgrids may be generated according to methods described above. For example, subgrids may be injection molded using a nylon based material. In stage 8606, the method includes attaching the plurality of screen elements respectively to the plurality of subgrids. In stage 8608, the method includes attaching the plurality of subgrids to one another to form a screening pre-assembly such as the screening pre-assembly illustrated in FIG. 1 . Lastly, in stage 8610, the method includes cutting edges of the screening pre-assembly to form the screen assembly having a perimeter that is a pre-determined shape. The pre-determined shape may be any shape defined by a smooth or piecewise-smooth closed curve. For example, the pre-assembly may be cut into a circle (e.g., see FIGS. 80A to 80C), a triangle (e.g., see FIGS. 80H to 80J), an oval, a square, a hexagon, a polygon, etc. As described above, the pre-assembly may be cut using various techniques, for example, using a mechanical saw, using a laser-cut process, etc.

FIG. 87A illustrates a top perspective view of a screening assembly 8700 and a plug 8702 that may be installed in a damaged area 8704 of the screening assembly, according to an embodiment. As with other embodiments, screening assembly 8700 includes a screening element 8708 attached to a subgrid 8710. Over time, areas of the screening element 8708 may become damaged. For example, area 8704 may be a damaged area having holes or tears in the screening surface. The presence of damaged areas, such as area 8704, may be detrimental to the performance of screening assembly 8700. In this regard, holes or other imperfections of screening area 8704 may allow particulate matter having particulate sizes larger than screening openings to flow through screening assembly 8700. Plug 8702 may be used to block damaged areas 8704 to prevent flow of material through the screen having particulate sizes larger than screening openings.

Plug 8702 may have hook structures 8706 that may be configured to be inserted through a surface of screening element 8708. Hook structures 8706 may be configured to mechanically engage with locking structures in subgrid 8710, as described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 90A and 90B. For example, to repair a damaged screen section, a user may insert plug 8702 through damaged screen section 8704 by applying a force by hand to move plug 8702 into an installed configuration as shown, for example, in FIG. 87B. To assist in insertion, the user may cut out screening bars in the area 8704 if such screening bars interfere with the hooks 8706 passing through the screening surface.

FIG. 87B illustrates plug 8702 in an installed configuration in screen assembly 8700, according to an embodiment. In this example, a single plug 8702 may be used to repair one quarter of screen assembly 8700. Multiple plugs 8702 may be inserted into a single screen assembly 8700 to repair multiple damaged areas, and in this example, up to four plugs 8702 may be inserted into a single screen assembly 8700. As shown in FIG. 87B, plug 8702 is configured to be inserted through the top of the screening element 8708 so that if plug 8702 were to fall out, it would not fall into the product (i.e., screened fluid containing undersized materials). As such, if plug 8702 were to fall out, it would be collected with the oversized screened materials that are disposed of as waste materials of the screening process. In an installed configuration, such as shown in FIG. 87B, plug 8702 may be configured to make close mechanical contact with the screening surface of screening element 8708. As such, in this example, plug 8702 is flush with the screening surface to thereby prevent fluid buildup.

FIGS. 88A and 88B illustrate respective top and bottom perspective views of plug 8702 of FIGS. 87A and 87B, according to an embodiment. A top surface 8800 of plug 8702 may have a flat, rectangular structure as shown. In further embodiments, however, surface 8800 of plug 8702 need not be flat and may have a pyramid structure, a dome structure, etc. In certain embodiments, a tapered surface may be more suitable than a flat surface. For example, in some situations, a flat surface may cause fluid to settle on the surface. Such settled fluid may create conveyance issues. Plug 8702 may further be configured to have a thickness that is relatively small compared with a thickness of screening element 8708 of FIG. 87A. A relatively small thickness of plug 8702 may avoid buildup of fluid and particles around outside edges of plug 8702 in an installed configuration (e.g., see FIG. 87B). A bottom surface 8802 (e.g., see FIG. 88B) may have a flat structure that may be configured to make close contact with the surface of the screening element 8708 (e.g., see FIG. 87B). In further embodiments, bottom surface 8802 may be slightly tapered.

Plug 8702 (e.g., see FIGS. 87A to 88B) may be made of plastic, nylon, thermoplastic polyurethane or any suitable material such as nylon having 50% glass fiber filler. For example, plug 8702 may include nylon containing 0-70% glass filler fiber. In further embodiments, plug 8702 may include a high-durometer thermoplastic polyurethane having enhanced abrasion resistance, or plug 8702 may include a mixture of glass fibers in a thermoplastic polyurethane material. As mentioned above, plug 8702 may include hooks 8706 (e.g., see FIGS. 87A, 88A, and 88B) that may be configured to latch onto a latching structure of the subgrid 8710 (e.g., 87A and 87B), as described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 90A and 90B.

FIG. 89 illustrates an exploded view 8900 of screening assembly 8700 and plug 8702 of FIGS. 87A and 87B, according to an embodiment. As shown, screening assembly 8700 includes screening element 8708 and subgrid 8710. As described above, plug 8702 may be installed in screening assembly 8700 by forcing hooks 8706 through screening element 8708 so that hooks 8706 may be passed through grid framework 8902 of subgrid 8710. Upon passing hooks 8706 through grid framework 8902 of subgrid 8710, hooks 8706 may be caused to engage with latching structures of subgrid 8710, as described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 90A and 90B. FIG. 89 further shows a cutout 8904 that may be used to improve injection molding of subgrid 8710. This inclusion of cutout 8904, however, is optional and further embodiments may be provided without cutout 8904.

FIG. 90A illustrates a bottom perspective view 9000, and FIG. 90B illustrates a bottom view 9004 of plug 8702 and screen assembly 8700 of FIGS. 87A, 87B, and 89 with the plug 8702 in an installed configuration (e.g., see FIG. 90B), according to an embodiment. As shown, hooks 8706 have been passed through grid framework 8902 of subgrid 8710. Further, hooks 8706 have been caused to engage with latching structures 9002. In this example, latching structure 9002 are rails built into grid framework 8902 of subgrid 8710. Coupling structures, such as hooks 8706 and latching structure 9002 allow plug 8702 to be easily installed by hand. As such, hooks 8706 snap into place and are prevented from falling out of the screening assembly 8700 (e.g., see FIG. 87B) during use. In further embodiments, hooks may be configured to engage with any portion of the grid framework 8902 or other portions of the subgrid 8710.

Other latching structures may be provided in further embodiments. Similarly, in other embodiments, plug 8702 may have coupling structures other than hooks 8706. As such, plug 8702 may be provided with any other coupling structures that are configured to establish a secure structure with complementary coupling structures of subgrid 8710. For example, alternative coupling structures may include glue/adhesives, plastic welding, clips, clamps, alternative hook geometries, mechanical fasteners, etc.

As described above, it may be advantageous to have plug 8702 installed on a top surface of screening assembly 8700, as shown in FIG. 87B. As such, should plug 8702 fall out of the screening assembly 8700, it would not enter the screened fluid containing undersized particulates. In this way, a plug 8702 that accidentally falls out of screening assembly 8700 may be removed along with oversized particulates, which are intended to be removed as waste materials that have been screened by screening assembly 8700. Plug 8702 need not be installed in a top surface of screening assembly 8700, however. In further embodiments, plug 8702 may be installed from the bottom of screening assembly 8700 (not shown). In further embodiments, plug 8702 may be configured to be larger to thereby span a larger section of screening element 8707. For example, plug 8702 may be configured to span multiple sections of screening assembly 8700 or may be configured to cover an entire screen assembly 8700. In further embodiments, a damaged area 8704 of screening assembly 8700 may be filled (e.g., with glue or an adhesive) rather than being plugged.

FIGS. 91A and 91B illustrate a screening assembly 9100 having a subgrid 9102 and a replaceable screening element 9104, according to an embodiment. FIG. 91A illustrates an exploded top perspective view of screening assembly 9100 and FIG. 91B shows a top perspective view of screening assembly 9100 with replaceable screening element 9104 and subgrid 9102 in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment. As with other embodiments described above, subgrid 9102 may include fusion bars 9106 that may be used to attach an initial screening element. For example, laser welding may be used to attach an initial screening element, as described in greater detail herein. During the course of use, the initial screening element may become damaged and may need to be replaced or plugged (e.g., as described above with reference to FIGS. 87A to 90B). According to an embodiment, such a damaged initial screening element may be removed and replaced with a replaceable screening element such as screening element 9104 shown in FIGS. 91A and 91B. The initial screening element may be removed by tearing away (i.e. breaking laser welds of) the initial screening element. The initial screening element may be configured to be easily torn away from subgrid 9102 using hand tools.

Replaceable screening element 9104 may include attachment arrangements 9108. For example, attachment arrangements 9108 may be hooks that are configured to engage with corresponding hook apertures (also referred to as “eye holes”) of subgrid 9102, as described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 92A to 95B. Replaceable screening element 9104 may be attached to subgrid 9102 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 91B) by engaging the attachment arrangements 9108 with corresponding attachment structures of subgrid 9104. Subgrid 9102 of screening assembly 9100 is configured to remain connected to other subgrids during replacement of screening element 9104. Thus, any damaged screening elements may easily and quickly be replaced without disassembling subgrids.

In an alternative embodiment, replaceable screen element 9104 may have hooks or alternative coupling structures that secure directly to complementary coupling structures of the subgrid structure. For example, screen element 9104 may include hooks 8706 similar to those described herein in the context of plug 8702.

FIG. 92A illustrates a perspective bottom view of screening element 9104 having attachment arrangements configured as hooks 9108 and FIG. 92B is a close-up bottom perspective view of screening element 9104 of FIG. 92A showing details of hooks 9108, according to an embodiment. Each hook 9108 may be configured to have a shape that may be compressed when it is forced through a corresponding hook aperture (e.g., described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 93A, 93B, 95A, and 95B). In this regard, upon being forced through an eyehole, hook 9108 may be configured to expand on an opposite side of a hook aperture to thereby mechanically engage with the hook aperture to secure screening element 9104 to subgrid 9102, as shown in FIG. 91B.

As shown in FIG. 92B, for example, hook 9108 may have a dome shape and may have slots 9202 that allow the dome shape to be compressed so that hook 9108 may be forced through an eyehole in subgrid 9102, as described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 93A, 95A, and 95B. In this example, screening element 9104 is provided with eight hooks 9108, as shown in FIG. 92A. In further embodiments, greater or fewer hooks 9108 may be provided depending on the intended application. For example, a greater number of hooks 9108 may be provided to give a tighter connection between screening element 9104 and subgrid 9102 (e.g., see FIG. 91B) relative to embodiments with fewer hooks 9108.

Although hooks 9108 with dome shapes having slots are described herein, attachment arrangements need not be so limited. In further embodiments, many other types of attachment arrangements having different shapes may be provided. Placement of hooks 9108 may also be provided in many different configurations. In FIGS. 91A and 92A, for example, hooks 9108 are placed around edges of screening element 9104. In further embodiments, hooks 9108 may be placed in different configurations, including in configurations that cover various portions of the screening surface of screening element 9104. Further, hooks 9108 may be injection molded as an integral parts of screening element 9104 or may be configured as separate elements that may be attached to screening element 9104 using adhesive, etc.

FIG. 93A illustrates a top perspective view of subgrid 9102 having hook apertures 9302, according to an embodiment. A hook aperture 9302 may be a hole (also referred to as an “eyehole”) that may be configured to accept a hook 9108 from a screening element 9104 (e.g., see FIGS. 92A and 92B). In addition to hook apertures 9302, subgrid may include one or more relatively larger openings 9304 in the grid structure (e.g., also see FIG. 93B). In this example, opening 9304 is a space in subgrid 9102 that may allow easy removal of subgrid 9102 from a mold at the completion of the injection molding process. The presence of opening 9304 is not essential and further embodiments may be provided without opening 9304. Openings 9304 may reduce or eliminate an undercut that may otherwise form in the injection molding process. As described in greater detail below (e.g., see FIG. 93B) subgrid 9102 may further include a shelf 9308 that may provide additional mechanical support to subgrid 9102 in the presence of openings 9304. The presence or absence of openings 9304 in subgrid 9102 is not expected to affect screening performance of screening assembly 9100 (e.g., see FIGS. 91A and 91B). In certain embodiments, subgrid 9102 may include one or more raised bars 9306 that may be configured to support screening element 9108. Alternative embodiments may be provided without raised bars 9306.

Placement of hook apertures 9302 in FIG. 93A corresponds to the placement of hooks 9108 in screening element 9104 (e.g., see FIG. 92A). As described above, many different configurations of hooks 9108 and corresponding hook apertures 9302 may be provided. As shown in FIG. 93A, hook apertures 9302 are placed around outside edges of subgrid 9102 to correspond with similarly placed hooks 9108 in screening element 9104 of FIG. 92A. In the embodiment of FIG. 93A, hook apertures 9302 are shown adjacent to opening 9304. In further embodiments, it may be advantageous to omit the hook apertures 9302 that are adjacent to opening 9304 to avoid complications that may arise with injection molding of subgrid 9102 due to overhanging support structures for hook apertures 9302 in certain embodiments.

FIG. 93B illustrates a bottom view of subgrid 9102 of FIG. 93A, according to an embodiment. Hook apertures 9302 are shown along with opening 9304. In this embodiment, subgrid 9102 further includes a shelf 9308 that is provided below opening 9304. The presence of shelf 9308 may provide additional mechanical support that may strengthen subgrid 9102.

FIG. 94 illustrates close-up exploded view of screening assembly 9100 of FIG. 91A having subgrid 9102 and replaceable screening element 9104, according to an embodiment. As shown, hooks 9108 are positioned above corresponding hook apertures 9302. As described above, replaceable screening element 9104 may be installed by forcing hooks 9108 into hook apertures 9302. In this regard, hooks 9108 are configured to deform under compressive force so that hooks 9108 may be forced into hook apertures, as described above with reference to FIGS. 92A and 92B.

FIGS. 95A and 95B illustrate bottom views of screening assembly 9100 of FIG. 91B having subgrid 9102 and replaceable screen element 9104 in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment. FIG. 95A illustrates a bottom perspective view of screening assembly 9100 and FIG. 95B shows a close-up bottom view of screening assembly 9100. As shown, the dome-shaped end of hook 9108 has been forced through hook aperture 9302 and is thereby engaged with a shelf region 9502 (e.g., see FIG. 95B) associated with hook aperture 9302 (e.g., see hook apertures 9302 in FIGS. 93A, 93B, and 94 ). In this regard, the dome shaped end of hook 9108 has a profile that is larger than hook aperture 9302. During installation of hook 9108, slots 9202 (e.g., see FIGS. 92B and 95B) allow the dome shaped end of hook 9108 to compress to allow the dome shaped end of hook 9108 to pass through hook aperture 9302 (e.g., see FIGS. 92B and 93A to 94 ). Upon passing hook 9108 through hook aperture 9108 (e.g., see FIG. 94 ), the dome shaped end of hook 9108 is configured to expand and to thereby mechanically engage with shelf 9502 (e.g., see FIG. 95B) associated with hook aperture 9302.

In further embodiments, screening element 9104 may be secured to subgrid 9102 (e.g., see FIGS. 91A and 91B) in different ways. Although embodiments of FIGS. 91A to 95B have been described in which hooks 9108 engage with hook apertures 9302, the disclosure is not so limited. For example, hooks 9108 and hook apertures 9302 having many different sizes and shapes may be provided. Further, the placement of hooks 9108 and hook apertures 9302 may be varied in many different ways. In alternative embodiments, screen element 9104 and be secured to subgrid 9102 using glue, adhesive, or various fasteners. For example, screening element 9104 may be secured to subgrid 9102 using clips, clamps, plastic welding, rivets, or other mechanical fasteners.

FIG. 96A illustrates a top perspective exploded view of a three-piece screening assembly 9600, according to an embodiment. Screening assembly 9600 includes a screening element 9602, a top subgrid 9604, and a bottom subgrid 9606. Screening element 9602 is configured to be permanently attached to top subgrid 9604. For example, screening element 9602 may be secured to top subgrid 9604 using laser welding, as described in greater detail herein with respect to other embodiments. Top subgrid 9604 may be configured to be removably attached to bottom subgrid 9605. As such, a plurality of bottom subgrids 9606 may be assembled and connected to one another via clips 9608 and clip apertures 9610 to form a framework of bottom subgrids 9606. Then screening surfaces, provided by screening elements 9602 attached to top subgrids 9604, may be removably attached to the framework of bottom subgrids 9602 to form a continuous screening surface containing a plurality of screening elements 9602. When a screening element 9602 becomes damaged during use, a new screening element 9602 that is coupled to a new top subgrid 9604 may be replaced without removing bottom subgrid 9602 from the framework of coupled bottom subgrids 9606.

FIG. 96B illustrates a top perspective exploded view of three-piece screening assembly 9600 of FIG. 96A in which screening element 9602 has been attached to top subgrid 9604, according to an embodiment. As such, screening element 9602 and top subgrid 9604 may be configured as a replaceable screening sub-assembly 9612. As described above, replaceable screening sub-assembly 9612 may be removably secured to bottom subgrid 9606. As with other embodiments, screening element 9602 may be permanently secured to top subgrid 9604 to form screening sub-assembly 9612. For example, screening element 9602 may be laser welded to top subgrid 9604. In other embodiments, screening element 9602 may be secured to top subgrid 9604 using glue, adhesive, or various fasteners. For example, screening element 9602 may be secured to top subgrid 9604 using clips, clamps, plastic welding, rivets, or other mechanical fasteners. As described in greater detail below, screening sub-assembly 9612 may then be secured to bottom subgrid 9606 using various removable mechanical coupling mechanisms.

FIG. 96C illustrates a top perspective view of screening assembly 9600 of FIGS. 96A and 96B in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment. In this regard, screening sub-assembly 9612 has been removably secured to bottom subgrid 9606. As described above, screening sub-assembly 9612 may include screening element 9602 permanently secured to top subgrid 9604. In this way, screening sub-assembly 9612 may be removed from bottom subgrid 9606 and replaced without the need to remove bottom subgrid 9606 from a plurality of neighboring bottom subgrids (not shown) that may be coupled to form a framework of bottom subgrids 9606. Screening sub-assembly 9612 may be secured to bottom subgrid 9606 using various non-permanent fastening structures, as described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 97B to 99B.

FIG. 97A illustrates a top perspective view of top subgrid 9604 of FIGS. 96A to 96C, according to an embodiment. Top subgrid 9604 may be similar to other subgrids described above. For example, top subgrid 9604 may include fusion bars 9702 to may be configured to couple with corresponding cavity pockets (not shown) of screening element 9602 (e.g., see FIGS. 96A to 96C). Laser welding may then be used to melt fusion bars 9702 to thereby generate a permanent mechanical coupling between screening element 9602 (e.g., see FIGS. 96A to 96C) and top subgrid 9604, as described above in the context of other embodiments. Subgrid 9604 may further include one or more elongated rectangular structures 9704 protruding from a top surface subgrid 9604. Such elongated rectangular structures 9704 may provide additional support for screening element 9602 (e.g., see FIG. 96A) during loading so that screening element 9602 is braced from moving downward. In this example, screen element 9602 is configured to be not attached (e.g., by laser welding or other fastening methods) in areas having elongated rectangular structures 9704. As such, screening element 9602 may be configured to move/vibrate relative to top subgrid 9604 during use. The presence of elongated rectangular structures 9704 is not unique to this embodiment and may be provided in various other subgrids in other embodiments.

Top subgrid 9604 may further include openings 9706 at ends of subgrid 9606. Openings 9706 are similar to openings 9304 described above with reference to FIGS. 93A and 93B. In this regard, openings 9706 may serve a similar purpose as openings 9304 to aid in removal of subgrid 9604 from a mold at the completion of an injection molding process. As such, openings 9706 are not unique to the currently-described embodiment and may similarly be provided as features of various other subgrids in other embodiments. In other embodiments, top subgrid 9604 may be provided without openings 9706. As with other subgrids, top subgrid 9604 further includes a plurality of spanning support bars 9708 that provide mechanical support for screening element 9602. Further, screening element 9602 may be configured to be not attached in the area that includes spanning support bars 9708. As such, screening element 9602 may exhibit motion/vibration relative to top subgrid 9604 during use.

FIG. 97B illustrates a bottom perspective view of top subgrid 9604 of FIGS. 96A to 97A, according to an embodiment. This view shows openings 9706 at ends of subgrid 9604, as described above with reference to FIG. 97A. FIG. 97B further shows spanning support bars 9708. Top subgrid 9604 may further include a plurality of hooks 9610 that may be configured to interface with bottom subgrid 9606 (e.g., see FIGS. 96A to 96C). As mentioned above, hooks 9610 are only one type of non-permanent fastening structure, and many different types of fastening structures may be provided in other embodiments. Hooks 9610 may be provided in many different shapes. Further, the number and placement of hooks 9610 may be varied based on a given application. For example, embodiments having a greater number of hooks 9610 may provide a stronger coupling between top subgrid 9604 and bottom subgrid 9606 relative to embodiments having fewer hooks. Hooks 9610 may be configured to engage with hook apertures (not shown) or may have elongated structures configured to interface with support structures of bottom subgrid 9606, as described in greater detail below.

FIG. 97C illustrates screening sub-assembly 9612 of FIG. 96B including screening element 9602 attached to top subgrid 9604, according to an embodiment. This view shows screening sub-assembly 9612 in isolation, emphasizing that screening sub-assembly 9612 may be configured to be removably coupled to many different types of bottom subgrids in addition to bottom subgrid 9606 shown in FIG. 96B. As described above, screening element 9602 may be attached to top subgrid 9604 via laser welding to generate screening sub-assembly 9612. In other embodiments, screening element 9602 may be secured to top subgrid 9604 using glue/adhesives, plastic welding, rivets, clips, clamps, or clips/hooks with alternative geometries.

A plurality of screening sub-assemblies 9612 may be provided as part of an initial installation to be installed on a respectively plurality of bottom subgrids 9606 (e.g., see FIGS. 96A to 96C). Screening sub-assemblies 9612 may be removably attached to respective bottom subgrids 9606 that have previously been assembled into a framework of bottom subgrids 9606. Alternatively, screening sub-assemblies 9612 may be removably attached to respective bottom subgrids 9606 before such bottom subgrids 9606 are assembled into a connected framework of screening assemblies (e.g., see FIGS. 96A to 96C). Further, a single screening sub-assembly 9612 may be removed and replaced when a screening surface of screening element 9602 becomes damaged during use, as described above. For example, a screening sub-assembly 9612 may be forcibly removed using a screwdriver or similar tool. Such removal, however, may cause components of screening sub-assembly 9612 (e.g., hooks 9610) to become broken. Thus, in further embodiments, a special tool may be provided that may be used to remove sub-assembly 9612 without breakage. For example, such a tool may be configured to push down on latching structures to release hooks 9610 to thereby release hooks 9610 without breakage.

FIG. 98A illustrates a top perspective view of bottom subgrid 9606 of FIGS. 96A to 96C, according to an embodiment. In this example, bottom subgrid 9606 is provided with a plurality of hook apertures 9802. Hook apertures 9802 may be configured to form a non-permanent, removable, mechanical connection with respective hooks 9610 of top subgrid 9604 (e.g., see FIG. 97B), as described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 99A and 99B. As shown, hook apertures 9802 may be located on an interior surface of bottom subgrid 9606. The number and placement of hook apertures 9802 may be varied according to a given application to correspond to a number and placement of respective hooks 9610 of top subgrid 9604. For example, embodiments having a greater number of hook apertures 9802 that correspond to a greater number of hooks 9610 of top subgrid 9604 may form a stronger connection between top subgrid 9604 and bottom subgrid 9606 relative to embodiments having fewer hook apertures 9802 and hooks 9610.

As shown in FIG. 98A, bottom subgrid 9606 may be provided with void regions 9804. Such void regions 9804 do not have spanning support bars in contrast to the spanning support bars 9708 of top subgrid 9604 (e.g., see FIG. 97B). Indeed, such spanning support bars are not needed because bottom subgrid 9606 is not used to support screening element 9602 (e.g., see FIGS. 96A to 96C and 97C). In further embodiments, however, spanning support bars, similar to support bars 9708 of top subgrid 9604 (e.g., see FIG. 97A), may be provided to strengthen bottom subgrid 9606, depending on the intended application, if needed.

FIG. 98B illustrates a bottom perspective view of bottom subgrid 9606 of FIG. 98A, according to an embodiment. This view shows hook apertures 9802 located near an upper edge of bottom subgrid 9606. Other embodiments may include hook apertures 9802 located in different positions of bottom subgrid 9606. As described above, the number and placement of hook apertures 9802 may be varied depending on the intended application. Void regions 9804 are also shown in the view of FIG. 98B. As mentioned above, void regions 9804 may be present or absent depending on the application. For example, void regions 9804 may allow bottom subgrid 9606 to be more lightweight and more easily manufactured via injection molding relative to an embodiment without void regions 9802. However, as described above, additional support structures, similar to spanning support bars 9708 of top subgrid 9604 (e.g., see FIG. 97B), may be provided to strengthen bottom subgrid 9606, as needed.

FIG. 99A illustrates a bottom perspective exploded view of three-piece screening assembly 9600 of FIG. 96B in which screening element 9602 has been attached to top subgrid 9604 to form screening sub-assembly 9612, according to an embodiment. In this view, screening sub-assembly 9612 is positioned over bottom subgrid 9606 such that hooks 9610 of top subgrid 9604 are spatially aligned with hook apertures 9802 of bottom subgrid 9606. In this way, screening sub-assembly 9612 may be removably installed on bottom subgrid 9606 by forcing screening sub-assembly 9612 toward bottom subgrid 9606 such that hooks 9610 of top subgrid 9604 mechanically engage with hook apertures 9802 of bottom subgrid 9606. In this regard, hooks 9610 of top subgrid 9604 may snap into hook apertures 9802 of bottom subgrid 9606 to form a non-permanent, removable connection between screening sub-assembly 9612 and bottom subgrid 9606. The strength of the mechanical connection may be determined by the size, shape, and placement of hooks 9610 of top subgrid 9604 and respective hook apertures 9802 of bottom subgrid 9606, as described above.

FIG. 99B illustrates a bottom perspective view of screening assembly 9600 of FIGS. 96A to 96C and 99A in an installed configuration, according to an embodiment. This view shows a configuration in which screening sub-assembly 9612, including screening element 9602 attached to top subgrid 9604, is installed on bottom subgrid 9606. As described above, screening sub-assembly 9612 is installed on bottom subgrid 9606 via a mechanical connection 9902 between hooks 9610 and hook apertures 9802.

As described above, the embodiment of FIG. 99B is only one example of an embodiment in which a non-permanent, replaceable connection may be formed between screening sub-assembly 9612 and bottom subgrid 9606. For example, in other embodiments, hooks 9610 of top subgrid 9604 may engage with various other support structures in bottom subgrid 9604. For example, connections between hooks 9610 and bottom subgrid 9606 may be configured as described above with reference to FIGS. 90A and 90B in relation to the plug 8702 of FIGS. 87A to 89 . In further embodiments, permanent or semi-permanent connections between screening sub-assembly 9612 and bottom subgrid 9606 may be formed using other mechanical structures. For example, screening sub-assembly 9612 and bottom subgrid 9606 may be attached using alternative coupling structures such as glue/adhesives, rivets, nails, screws, metallic inserts, etc.

In further embodiments, bottom subgrid 9606 may include one or more dissimilar materials that may facilitate alternative attachment structures. Further embodiments may include hooks with dome shaped ends that pass through hook apertures, as described above with reference to FIGS. 92A to 95B. In still further embodiments, hooks and hook apertures, or other mechanical fastening structures may be configured on an external surface or region of top 9604 and bottom 9606 subgrids. Further, bottom subgrid 9606 may include pins or other locating structures to assist in alignment with screening sub-assembly 9612. In such an embodiment, top subgrid 9604 may include pins/apertures configured to engage with apertures/pins or other locating structures of bottom subgrid 9606 to assist in alignment during attachment of screening sub-assembly 9612 to bottom subgrid 9606.

Top 9604 and bottom 9606 subgrids may include various materials. Further, top 9604 and bottom 9606 subgrids may be made of the same materials or include dissimilar materials. For example, bottom subgrid 9606 may be made of nylon with 50% glass filler or other thermoplastic material, while top subgrid 9604 may be made from nylon containing 0-50% glass filler. The use of dissimilar materials may help to facilitate attachment and removal of top subgrid 9604 from bottom subgrid 9606. In one embodiment top subgrid 9604 may be include nylon with 20% glass filler to allow the hooks to be disengaged using pliers. In this example, use of pliers may apply a force that is approximately 125 lb. In another example, top subgrid 9604 may include nylon with 10% glass filler to allow the hooks to be disengaged by hand. In this regard, the force required to remove top subgrid 9604 may be approximately 50 lb. Such material have mechanical properties allow easy attachment and removal of top subgrid 9604 from bottom subgrid 9606.

In further embodiments, top subgrid 9604 may be made from another type of thermoplastic material such as a high durometer polyurethane. Using this type of material allows top subgrid 9604 to be removed from bottom subgrid 9606 by hand. For example, a user may start at one end of the subgrid assembly and place their thumb against a hook 9610 (e.g., see FIG. 99B). By applying a force to hook 9610 by hand, a user may push hook 9610 away from hook aperture 9802 until hook 9610 is disengaged from hook aperture 9802. The user may then repeat the process from one end of screening sub-assembly 9612 to an opposite end of screening sub-assembly 9612 until all hooks 9610 are disengaged from hook apertures 9802. In certain instances, it may be difficult or impossible to disengage one or more hooks 9610 from corresponding hook apertures 9802 by hand. In such situations, a user may break hooks 9610, for example, by bending them with hand tools (e.g., with pliers or a screwdriver).

FIGS. 100A to 100C illustrate various views of a screening element 10000 that includes screening openings having rounded corners, according to an embodiment. FIG. 100A illustrates a top view of screening element 10000 and FIG. 100B illustrates a side view 10004 of screening element 10000 of FIG. 100A, according to an embodiment. A small portion 10002 of screening element 10000 of FIG. 100A is shown in an exploded view 10006 in FIG. 100C, according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 100C, each of the screening openings 10008 includes rounded corners. The rounded corners of screening openings 10008 act to reduce local stress concentrations that typically form near sharp corners, such as corners of screening openings in other embodiments.

For example, in certain other embodiments, sharp corners may create an increased stress concentration factor near intersection points of the screen surface elements and walls of the screen element. These stress concentration factors may cause premature panel failure. A common point of failure occurs when a surface element breaks away from a wall of the screen element. To extend the screen life, a fillet has been added to each of the sharp edges in the embodiments of FIGS. 100A to 100C. The presence of this added fillet reduces geometric discontinuities and leads to a decrease in the intensity of the local stress field where the bars connect to the walls. Additional advantages include improved ease of injection molding by allowing a wider path for material to travel down during filling. The reduction in sharp corners also promises to reduce material shear during injection molding which may otherwise be a cause of premature material degradation. The advantages of embodiments having rounded corners may possibly be offset by disadvantages including slightly reduced open area caused by the fillets. There may also be a potential for increased blinding due to the decreased slot width due to the presence of the fillets.

FIGS. 101A to 101D illustrate embodiments in which screening apertures may have different orientations, according to an embodiment. FIG. 101A illustrates a top view of a screening element 10100 that includes transversely aligned screening openings, and FIG. 101B illustrates an exploded top view of a portion of the screening element 10100 of FIG. 101A showing details of transversely aligned screening openings, according to an embodiment. FIG. 101C illustrates a top view of a screening element 10102 that includes longitudinally aligned screening openings, and FIG. 101D illustrates an exploded top view of a portion of the screening element 10102 of FIG. 101C showing details of longitudinally aligned screening openings, according to an embodiment.

The orientation of screening openings relative to flow direction may have an effect on screening characteristics. For example, slots perpendicular to the flow may create an indirect path for fluid to transfer through the screen. As such, flow through the screen may be impeded since the direction of flow is towards the smaller open slot dimension (width). By rotating the slots, the flow may be directed along the longer dimension (length) increasing the length of time the fluid makes contact with the screening openings. Such longer contact time may increase screening efficiency by allowing gravity and vibrational motion imposed by the vibratory screening machine additional time to act on the fluid as it passes over the screening surface.

Having slots aligned with the flow direction may provide certain advantages. One advantage may be an increase in capacity caused by an increased affinity for fluid to pass through the screen when the slots are directed along the direction of flow. In a similar way efficiency may also be increased by improved sizing capabilities (caused by more undersize material traveling through the screen along with the fluid leading to a dryer oversize screened component). Disadvantages may include increased blinding. In this regard, having the flow direction aligned with the slots may give solid near-size particles more time to jam themselves in-between surface elements. In any case, having the freedom to orient the slots in various ways (e.g., see FIGS. 101A to 101D) allows flexibility in design of screen elements to improve screening characteristics based on fluid properties and flow characteristics.

The disclosed embodiments, including screening members and screening assemblies, may be configured for use with various different vibratory screening machines and parts thereof, including machines designed for wet and dry applications, machines having multi-tiered decks and/or multiple screening baskets, and machines having various screen attachment arrangements such as tensioning mechanisms (under and overmount), compression mechanisms, clamping mechanisms, magnetic mechanisms, etc. For example, the screen assemblies described in the present disclosure may be configured to be mounted on the vibratory screening machines described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,578,394; 5,332,101; 6,669,027; 6,431,366; and 6,820,748.

Indeed, the screen assemblies described herein may include: side portions or binder bars including U-shaped members configured to receive overmount type tensioning members, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,332,101; side portions or binder bars including finger receiving apertures configured to receive undermount type tensioning, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,669,027; side members or binder bars for compression loading, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,394; or may be configured for attachment and loading on multi-tiered machines, e.g., such as the machines described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,431,366. The screen assemblies and/or screen elements may also be configured to include features described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,984, including the guide assembly technologies described therein and preformed panel technologies described therein.

Still further, the screen assemblies and screen elements may be configured to be incorporated into the prescreening technologies (e.g., compatible with the mounting structures and screen configurations) described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,439,203; 7,578,394; 5,332,101; 4,882,054; 4,857,176; 6,669,027; 7,228,971; 6,431,366; and 6,820,748; 8,443,984; and 8,439,203; which, along with their related patent families and applications, and the patents and patent applications referenced in these documents, are expressly incorporated herein by reference hereto. In the foregoing, example embodiments are described. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope hereof. The specification and drawings are accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than in a restrictive sense. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of forming a screen unit, comprising: providing a screen element that includes end members, side members, reinforcement members that extend between the side members and a screening surface having a plurality of screening openings formed between adjacent pairs of screen surface elements, wherein screen element attachment arrangements are provided on bottom surfaces of the end members, the side members and the reinforcement members; providing a support element that includes end members, side members and support members that extend between the side members, wherein support element attachment arrangements that are configured to mate with corresponding screen element attachment arrangements are provided on top surfaces of the end members, the side members and the support members; and attaching a bottom of the screen element to a top of the support element to form a screen unit by joining selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements to corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements such that no screen element attachment arrangements located on a central portion of the screen element are attached to support element attachment arrangements and such that the central portion of the screen element is free to move with respect to the support element when the screen unit is vibrated.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the screen element attachment arrangements comprise cavities formed on bottom surfaces of the end members, side members and reinforcement members of the screen element and wherein the support element attachment members comprise projections formed on top surfaces of the end members, side members and support members of the support element.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein joining selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements to corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements comprises causing the material of the selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements to fuse with the material of corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein joining selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements to corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements comprises laser welding the material of the selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements to the material of corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein joining selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements to corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements comprises joining screen element attachment arrangements on a central reinforcement member that bisects the screen element to support element attachment arrangements on a central support member that bisects the support element such that two central portions of the screen element on opposite sides of the central reinforcement member and the central support member are free to move with respect to the support element when the screen unit is vibrated.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the screening openings in the screen element have a width of between approximately 43 microns and approximately 1000 microns.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the screen element has an open screening area of approximately 16% or more of a total area of a top surface of the screen element.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the screen element has an open screening area of between approximately 13% and approximately 32% of a total area of a top surface of the screen element.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the support element includes joining elements that are located on side surfaces of the support element, wherein the joining elements are configured to attach the support element to another support element.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the joining elements comprise clips and clip apertures that are configured to attach to corresponding clips and clip apertures of another support element to attach the support elements to each other.
 11. A method of forming a screen assembly, comprising: forming a plurality of screen units by: providing a plurality of screen elements, wherein each screen element includes end members, side members, reinforcement members that extend between the side members and a screening surface having a plurality of screening openings formed between adjacent pairs of screen surface elements, wherein screen element attachment arrangements are provided on bottom surfaces of the end members, the side members and the reinforcement members; providing a plurality of support elements that includes end members, side members and support members that extend between the side members, wherein support element attachment arrangements that are configured to mate with corresponding screen element attachment arrangements are provided on top surfaces of the end members, the side members and the support members; and attaching a bottom of each screen element to a top of a support element to form a plurality of screen units, wherein each screen element is attached to a support element by joining selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements of the screen element to corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements of the support element such that no screen element attachment arrangements located on a central portion of the screen element are attached to support element attachment arrangements and such that the central portion of the screen element is free to move with respect to the support element when the screen unit is vibrated; and attaching the plurality of screen units to each other to form the screen assembly.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the screen element attachment arrangements comprise cavities formed on bottom surfaces of the end members, side members and reinforcement members of the screen elements and wherein the support element attachment members comprise projections formed on top surfaces of the end members, side members and support members of the support elements.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein joining selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements of a screen element to corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements of a support element comprises causing the material of the selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements to fuse with the material of corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein joining selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements of a screen element to corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements of a support element comprises laser welding the material of the selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements to the material of corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements.
 15. The method of claim 11, wherein joining selected ones of the screen element attachment arrangements of a screen element to corresponding ones of the support element attachment arrangements of a support element comprises joining screen element attachment arrangements on a central reinforcement member that bisects the screen element to support element attachment arrangements on a central support member that bisects the support element such that two central portions of the screen element on opposite sides of the central reinforcement member and the central support member are free to move with respect to the support element when the screen unit is vibrated.
 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the screening openings in the screen elements have a width of between approximately 43 microns and approximately 1000 microns.
 17. The method of claim 11, wherein each screen element has an open screening area of approximately 16% or more of a total area of a top surface of the screen element.
 18. The method of claim 11, wherein each screen element has an open screening area of between approximately 13% and approximately 32% of a total area of a top surface of the screen element.
 19. The method of claim 1, wherein each support element includes joining elements that are located on side surfaces of the support element, wherein the joining elements are configured to attach the support element to another support element, and wherein attaching the plurality of screen units to each other to form the screen assembly comprises attaching the support elements to each other via the joining elements.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the joining elements comprise clips and clip apertures that are configured to attach to corresponding clips and clip apertures of another support element to attach the support elements to each other. 